中国延迟退休制度改革研究

发布时间：2018-04-11 05:27

本文选题：养老金“双轨制” + “渐进式”延迟退休年龄　；参考：《河北大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济、政治、社会和文化等各方面的不断发展变化，我国人口预期寿命的大幅度延长，使得老龄化社会迅速到来，社会养老负担不断加重。而随着教育水平、医疗卫生保健水平的提高，退休后的老年人口已经成为我国人力资本的巨大浪费，适当的延长退休年龄已经成为我国退休制度改革的必然选择。但是延迟退休年龄的改革，会涉及到社会的方方面面。如从宏观上看，它不仅是国家颁布的一项社会政策，更是我国养老保障制度乃至社会保障体系改革完善的一个方面；从微观上看，制度本身会受到人口年龄结构的变化、人口预期寿命的延长、人均受教育年限的延长等因素的影响；从就业方面来看，延迟退休制度会涉及劳动力市场的劳动年龄人口、劳动力供给与劳动力需求、如何促进企业继续雇佣老年人、如何保障年轻人的就业权力等方面；从社会公平方面来看，制度还会涉及到行政、事业、企业单位员工的养老保障权力与享受待遇的公平性，保障男女就业公平等问题。因此，本文在综合分析以上影响因素的基础上，根据我国具体的国情，提出我国延迟退休年龄必要性，如延迟退休年龄是我国人口老龄化下的必然选择，能够缓解养老金供不应求的压力，促进人力资本的有效利用等。第二部分主要是分析了我国现行退休制度存在的问题，如法定退休年龄过低、男女退休年龄差距大等内容。接下来列举了国外在退休年龄改革方面比较有代表性的几个实例，如美国、德国等国家的延迟退休年龄制度改革，，并提出对我国的经验启示。第五部分分析了我国实行延迟退休年龄需要解决的几个难点或者问题，如如何解决延迟退休对年轻人就业的“挤出效应”；如何缓解不同养老制度下的养老金待遇差距问题。文章最后根据我国具体的实际情况对我国延迟年龄退休的改革提出几点具体的建议，如采取循序渐进式延迟退休年龄的办法，在法定退休年龄上设置一个“弹性”区间，采取“弹性”延长缴费年限的方式，对不同行业的劳动者要区别对待，缩小社会各群体的退休待遇差距等具体政策。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy, politics, society and culture in our country, the life expectancy of population in our country has been lengthened by a large margin, which makes the aging society come quickly and the burden of social endowment becomes more and more serious.With the improvement of education level and health care level, the elderly population after retirement has become a huge waste of human capital in our country, and the proper extension of retirement age has become the inevitable choice of the reform of retirement system in our country.But the reform of delaying the retirement age will involve all aspects of society.For example, from a macro point of view, it is not only a social policy promulgated by the state, but also an aspect of the reform and perfection of China's old-age security system and even the social security system. From a microscopic point of view, the system itself will be subject to changes in the age structure of the population.From the employment point of view, the delayed retirement system will involve the working-age population in the labor market, the supply of labor and the demand for labor.How to promote enterprises to continue to employ the elderly, how to protect the employment rights of young people, and so on; from the perspective of social equity, the system will also involve administrative, career, enterprise unit employees' pension security rights and the fairness of the enjoyment of treatment.Protection of equality between men and women in employment and other issues.Therefore, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the above influencing factors and according to the specific conditions of our country, this paper puts forward the necessity of delaying retirement age in our country, such as the inevitable choice of late retirement age under the aging population in our country.It can relieve the pressure of pension shortage and promote the effective use of human capital.The second part mainly analyzes the existing problems of China's current retirement system, such as the legal retirement age is too low, the gap between male and female retirement age, and so on.Then it enumerates several representative examples in the reform of retirement age in foreign countries, such as the reform of the delayed retirement age system in the United States, Germany and other countries, and puts forward some enlightenment to our country's experience.The fifth part analyzes some difficulties or problems that need to be solved in implementing the delayed retirement age in China, such as how to solve the "crowding out effect" of delayed retirement on young people's employment, and how to alleviate the gap of pension benefits under different pension systems.Finally, according to the actual situation of our country, this paper puts forward some concrete suggestions on the reform of deferred retirement in our country, such as adopting the method of step by step to delay retirement age, setting up a "elastic" interval on the legal retirement age.Adopting the method of "flexibility" to extend the years of payment, the workers in different industries should be treated differently and the difference of retirement treatment among different social groups should be reduced.
【学位授予单位】：河北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.21

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