我国农村城镇化发展过程中金融支持问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 09:10

本文选题：农村城镇化 + 金融支持　；参考：《烟台大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：几千年以来，我国一直是以农业作为生存和发展的主导产业，农业的兴衰对整个国家经济的发展起到至关重要的作用。但由于种种历史因素和现实因素的影响，我国政府一直十分重视重工业的发展，并在很长一段时期内提出优先发展重工业的政策，，使得农业一直处于弱势地位，农村经济的发展更是十分缓慢。近年来，党中央认识到三农问题的重要性，并确立起农业在经济建设发展中的全局性和基础性地位，出台了多项措施，把解决农业农村农民作为全党工作的重心。如:直接对农民给予补贴、免征农业税和农业特产税等,这些措施对于缓解三农问题起到了一定的作用，但要真正解决贫困问题，实现农村地区的繁荣，最本质的方面在于实现农村城镇化。大力推动农村城镇化进程，对于实现农业的规模经济、提高农民人均收入水平、消除城乡二元经济结构具有重要的现实意义。而要使这些愿景得以实现就离不开大量的资本积累和投入，就需要金融机构的支持。但是目前我国农村金融系统的服务还很不到位，农信社和农业银行都无法满足农村发展的各项资本要求，农业产业利息率高、借款期短等问题都成为限制农村城镇化进程的瓶颈。因此，如何认识和解决农村城镇化过程中的融资困难的问题，需要我们进行深入的探讨。本文首先对城市化和城镇化的相关问题进行对照辨析，总结出中国城市化的发展历程及金融支持城镇化的内容和意义，然后主要介绍了农村城镇化过程中各种金融支持的现状及供求矛盾，主要包括农村基础设施的公共性与金融机构的盈利性矛盾、城镇化建设对资金的大量需求与资金外流的矛盾、资金需求多样化与金融支持种类少的矛盾以及金融服务单一与金融需求多样化矛盾等四个方面。并对国外城镇化进程中金融支持的作用进行分析比较，美国政府主要采用发行市政债券、资产证券化和设立基础设施基金等方式来为城镇建设融资，同时还建立了一套发达的农村金融系统来支持当地农业的发展；法国政府也利用其发达的资本市场来为城镇建设融资，手段和方式更加多样，包括财政税收、基金债券投资、企业投资、银行贷款和保险机构参与等方式；日本政府则较重视民间资本的引入，同时采取鼓励工商企业进驻农村、设立农村金融机构、发行地方债券等方式进行融资。文章最后归纳出我国金融支持在城市化过程中暴露出的主要问题，并提出加强金融支持的建议和路径，以期使金融支持能更好的服务于我国的农村城镇化。
[Abstract]:For thousands of years, China has been taking agriculture as the leading industry for survival and development. The rise and fall of agriculture plays a vital role in the development of the whole country's economy. However, due to the influence of various historical and realistic factors, our government has always attached great importance to the development of heavy industry, and has put forward the policy of giving priority to the development of heavy industry for a long period of time. As a result, agriculture has always been in a weak position. The development of rural economy is very slow. In recent years, the CPC Central Committee has recognized the importance of the "three rural issues" and established the overall and basic position of agriculture in the development of economic construction, and has put forward many measures to solve the problem of agricultural rural farmers as the focus of the work of the whole Party. For example, direct subsidies to farmers and exemption from agricultural taxes and agricultural taxes have played a certain role in alleviating the problems of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, but it is necessary to really solve the problem of poverty and achieve prosperity in rural areas. The most essential aspect lies in the realization of rural urbanization. Vigorously promoting the process of urbanization in rural areas is of great practical significance for realizing the scale economy of agriculture, raising the level of farmers' per capita income, and eliminating the dual economic structure between urban and rural areas. If these visions are to be realized, they can not be realized without a large amount of capital accumulation and investment, and the support of financial institutions is needed. However, at present, the services of the rural financial system in our country are still very inadequate. Neither the Rural Credit Cooperative nor the Agricultural Bank can meet the various capital requirements for rural development, and the interest rate of the agricultural industry is high. The short loan period and other problems have become the bottleneck of restricting the process of rural urbanization. Therefore, how to understand and solve the problem of financing difficulties in the process of rural urbanization needs to be deeply discussed. In this paper, the author compares and analyzes the related problems of urbanization and urbanization, and summarizes the development course of urbanization in China and the content and significance of financial support for urbanization. Then it mainly introduces the current situation of various financial support and the contradiction between supply and demand in the process of rural urbanization, mainly including the contradiction between the public nature of rural infrastructure and the profitability of financial institutions. There are four aspects: the contradiction between the large amount of capital demand and the outflow of capital, the contradiction between the diversification of capital demand and the small variety of financial support, and the contradiction between the single financial service and the diversification of financial demand. By analyzing and comparing the role of financial support in the process of urbanization in foreign countries, the US government mainly uses the methods of issuing municipal bonds, asset securitization and setting up infrastructure funds to finance urban construction. At the same time, it has also established a developed rural financial system to support the development of local agriculture; the French government has also used its developed capital market to finance urban construction in a variety of ways, including fiscal taxation, fund bond investment, The Japanese government pays more attention to the introduction of private capital, and encourages industrial and commercial enterprises to enter the countryside, set up rural financial institutions and issue local bonds for financing. Finally, the paper summarizes the main problems of financial support in the process of urbanization in China, and puts forward suggestions and ways to strengthen financial support, in order to make financial support better serve the urbanization of rural areas in China.
【学位授予单位】：烟台大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.21;F832

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