人力资本要素对我国服务贸易比较优势的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 12:19

本文选题：服务贸易 + 人力资本　；参考：《浙江大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：全球经济状况在经历了又一次大的危机之后,开始逐渐复苏,各国经济情况都有所好转,并开始思考新的产业机构、贸易结构问题,以避免未来类似的经济危机再次出现。我们一直都知道,在世界经济全球化不断加深的今天,一国的对外贸易实力是一国在国际经济地位上的重要评判标准,甚至可能会影响到该国在国际社会中的政治话语权。因此,世界各国都对本国对外贸易的竞争力加以重点关注。服务业的比重在各国经济发展中所起到的作用正逐渐加强,且在某些发达国家,已经超过了工业和农业,成为了对GDP贡献率最高的产业,那么对加强服务贸易的需要也成为了一种必然的趋势。而就服务贸易本身而言,技术要素、资本要素所产生的影响,在很大程度上是通过人力要素的作用发生的,因此,本文将以人力资本为切入点,探讨人力资本要素对我国服务贸易的比较优势具体产生了哪些影响。本文将首先通过世界服务贸易发展的现状以及我国服务贸易现阶段的状态来表明：我国近几年虽然在服务业、服务贸易发展方面取得了较大的突破,一举成为世界服务贸易出口总量第四的国家,但服务贸易本身比较优势不强,尤其是在现代服务贸易方面,仍与前几位的发达国家间存在较大的差距。而后,对服务贸易、人力资本等概念进行辨析。再通过详细的阐述比较优势相关理论,来说明人力资本要素影响我国服务贸易比较优势的具体机制。包括其直接对服务贸易比较优势的影响,以及与技术要素、其他传统生产要素相结合,共同作用于服务贸易比较优势等。再通过实证研究,将我国服务业从业人员受教育水平以及平均工资水平作为媒介,将人力资本要素与我国服务贸易比较优势连结起来,从实证的角度分析其具体的影响关系和数量的大小。实证的结果也充分证明了理论研究的结论,即：人力资本要素与我国服务贸易比较优势有着极强的正向关系,人力资本,尤其是高端入力资本的丰裕程度将很大程度的决定我国在服务贸易比较优势方面的优或劣。最后再通过中、美、印三国实际的情况比较,以最现实的案例证明以上的观点,并以这两国为借鉴,提出对我国入力资本要素进行改善的政策建议,以提高我国服务贸易比较优势的水平。
[Abstract]:After another major crisis, the global economy began to recover gradually, improving economic conditions around the world, and thinking about new industrial institutions, trade structure, to avoid a similar economic crisis in the future. We all know that with the deepening of the world economic globalization, the foreign trade strength of a country is an important criterion of a country's international economic status, and may even affect its political right of speech in the international community. Therefore, countries all over the world focus on the competitiveness of their foreign trade. The proportion of service industry in the economic development of various countries is gradually increasing, and in some developed countries, has surpassed industry and agriculture, has become the highest contribution to GDP industries. So the need for strengthening trade in services has become an inevitable trend. As far as trade in services itself is concerned, the influence of technological factors and capital elements is to a large extent through the role of human factors. Therefore, this paper will take human capital as the starting point. This paper discusses the influence of human capital factors on the comparative advantage of China's service trade. First of all, through the current situation of the development of world service trade and the current situation of our country's service trade, this paper will show that our country has made a great breakthrough in the development of service industry and service trade in recent years. But the comparative advantage of service trade itself is not strong, especially in the field of modern service trade, there is still a big gap between the former developed countries and the former developed countries. Then, the service trade, human capital and other concepts are analyzed. Then, by expounding the relative theory of comparative advantage in detail, the paper explains the specific mechanism that human capital factors influence the comparative advantage of China's service trade. Including its direct impact on the comparative advantage of trade in services, and combined with technical elements, other traditional factors of production, the common role of the comparative advantage of trade in services, and so on. Then through the empirical research, we take the education level and the average wage level of the employees in the service industry as the media, and link the human capital elements with the comparative advantage of our service trade. From the perspective of empirical analysis of its specific impact and the size of the number. The empirical results also fully prove the conclusion of theoretical research, that is, the human capital elements have a strong positive relationship with the comparative advantage of China's service trade, human capital, In particular, the abundance of high-end capital will determine the comparative advantage of China's service trade to a large extent. Finally, by comparing the actual situation of China, the United States and India, and using the most realistic cases to prove the above views, and taking these two countries as reference, we put forward some policy recommendations for improving the factors of China's capital entry. In order to improve our service trade comparative advantage level.
【学位授予单位】：浙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F752.68;F249.2

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