全球主要国家环境可持续性综合评估——基于碳、水、土地的足迹-边界整合分析
发布时间：2018-07-27 18:16
【摘要】：随着地球生态系统的交互性、复杂性与整体性特征日益显现,综合分析和比较各类人为环境影响及其最大安全阈值,对于从整体上判断人类活动的可持续性、揭示承载力的超载程度具有重要意义。基于环境足迹和行星边界两项新概念,运用极差法和目标距离法对全球30个主要国家的碳、水和土地赤字数据进行了标准化与权重化处理,得到一个复合的国家环境可持续性压力指数,并结合3项环境赤字的实际分布状况,将所有国家划分为4类:环境强可持续性(3国)、环境弱可持续性(8国)、环境弱不可持续性(9国)、环境强不可持续性(10国)。总体上,环境可持续性压力呈现南美洲国家低、亚洲和非洲国家居中、欧美发达国家高的地域格局,亚洲是4类国家并存的唯一大洲。全球的碳、水和土地足迹-边界比分别为3.0、0.6、0.7,表明就全球尺度而言,温室气体排放已处于严重超载状态,水资源消费和土地利用尚处于盈余状态,这与现有文献结果相吻合,从而在一定程度上验证了本研究结论的可靠性。
[Abstract]:With the interactivity of the Earth's ecosystem, the characteristics of complexity and integrity are becoming more and more obvious. The comprehensive analysis and comparison of various types of anthropogenic environmental impacts and their maximum safety threshold are useful for judging the sustainability of human activities as a whole. It is of great significance to reveal the overloading degree of bearing capacity. Based on the two new concepts of environmental footprint and planetary boundary, the carbon, water and land deficit data of 30 major countries around the world are standardized and weighted using the range method and the target distance method. A composite national environmental sustainability stress index, combined with the actual distribution of three environmental deficits, All countries are classified into four categories: strong environmental sustainability (3 countries), weak environmental sustainability (8 countries), weak environmental insustainability (9 countries) and strong environmental insustainability (10 countries). On the whole, the pressure of environmental sustainability is low in South America, middle in Asia and Africa, and high in developed countries in Europe and America. Asia is the only continent where four kinds of countries coexist. The global carbon, water and land footprint / boundary ratios are 3.0 / 0.66 / 0, respectively, indicating that, on a global scale, greenhouse gas emissions are seriously overloaded and water consumption and land use are still in surplus, which is consistent with the results of existing literature. To a certain extent, the reliability of the conclusion is verified.
【作者单位】： 荷兰莱顿大学环境科学系;浙江大学环境与能源政策研究中心;荷兰代尔夫特理工大学土木工程与地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家公派留学基金(20113005)
【分类号】：X22
[Abstract]:With the interactivity of the Earth's ecosystem, the characteristics of complexity and integrity are becoming more and more obvious. The comprehensive analysis and comparison of various types of anthropogenic environmental impacts and their maximum safety threshold are useful for judging the sustainability of human activities as a whole. It is of great significance to reveal the overloading degree of bearing capacity. Based on the two new concepts of environmental footprint and planetary boundary, the carbon, water and land deficit data of 30 major countries around the world are standardized and weighted using the range method and the target distance method. A composite national environmental sustainability stress index, combined with the actual distribution of three environmental deficits, All countries are classified into four categories: strong environmental sustainability (3 countries), weak environmental sustainability (8 countries), weak environmental insustainability (9 countries) and strong environmental insustainability (10 countries). On the whole, the pressure of environmental sustainability is low in South America, middle in Asia and Africa, and high in developed countries in Europe and America. Asia is the only continent where four kinds of countries coexist. The global carbon, water and land footprint / boundary ratios are 3.0 / 0.66 / 0, respectively, indicating that, on a global scale, greenhouse gas emissions are seriously overloaded and water consumption and land use are still in surplus, which is consistent with the results of existing literature. To a certain extent, the reliability of the conclusion is verified.
【作者单位】： 荷兰莱顿大学环境科学系;浙江大学环境与能源政策研究中心;荷兰代尔夫特理工大学土木工程与地理科学学院;
【基金】：国家公派留学基金(20113005)
【分类号】：X22
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前8条
1 方恺;沈万斌;;CO_2排放承载力计算模型的构建与应用[J];生态科学;2010年06期
2 焦雯s，
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