论就业难与延迟退休两者关系的冲突和协同

发布时间：2018-07-28 09:40

【摘要】：我国经济社会持续快速发展，产业结构升级完善，为我们十二五规划的顺利实现，打下坚实基础，但是经济发展中出现的新问题，已经开始削弱我国经济发展的动力，危及到了改革开放的进程。一方面是我国已经正式成为老年型人口社会，2013年我国老年人口已经突破了2亿,人口老龄化趋势无法改变，且在未来的30年里该问题会更加明显、严重。伴随人口老龄化的加剧，社会养老保险金的支付风险在不断加大，延迟退休议题已经摆在我们面前，推行迫在眉睫。另一方面是劳动力转移和新增劳动力就业问题，使得就业形势日益严峻。由于市场上的就业人员素质与用人单位需求不匹配，出现结构性失业。推行延迟退休和就业难两者共存将是未来一个时期的常态性问题，二者的冲突主要体现在就业岗位的减少及产业结构优化速度降低。针对这些问题，本文从以下两个方面考虑引起冲突的根源：首先，我国养老制度的固有缺陷，造成二者冲突的直接根源。其次，产业结构与就业结构的不匹配，导致结构性失业的出现。只有克服这两点问题，才能顺利实现解决就业难和推行延迟退休。这两者的问题是关乎我国经济发展全局的战略性问题,需要从多方面创造解决问题的条件。一是完善社会保障体系，确保劳动群众对自己的生活无后顾之忧。二是产业结构合理优化，产业结构要符合我国现有国情，既要提升经济质量，又要保证充分就业。三是努力建设创新型社会，创新型社会的建立使我们的经济发展水平上升到更高的层次，对结构性失业和实现延迟退休提供坚实的基础，以及更广的政策空间。综上所述，尽管在世界范围内关于延迟退休对就业的影响的争论还在继续，，但在我国特殊的国情背景下，越来越多的人意识到，现阶段延迟退休会对我国的就业市场带来负面影响，文章进一步提出了就业难与延迟退休两者协调的途径。在不增加就业压力和缓解养老金压力的前提下，通过弹性退休的方式，逐步延长法定的退休年龄和退休制度的改革；完善养老保障体系缓解延迟退休带来的不利影响；丰富现有的就业政策，分化社会就业的压力，保证经济的顺畅发展；建立创新型社会以便从源头上治理延迟退休与就业难二者的冲突,实现我国经济健康有序发展。
[Abstract]:The sustained and rapid economic and social development of our country, the upgrading and perfection of the industrial structure have laid a solid foundation for the smooth realization of our 12th Five-Year Plan, but the new problems that have emerged in the course of economic development have begun to weaken the motive force of our country's economic development. It endangers the process of reform and opening up. On the one hand, China has become an aging population society. In 2013, China's elderly population has exceeded 200 million, the trend of population aging can not be changed, and in the next 30 years, the problem will be more obvious and serious. With the aggravation of the aging population, the risk of payment of social pension insurance is increasing, and the issue of delayed retirement has been placed in front of us, so it is urgent to implement it. On the other hand, the problem of labor force transfer and new labor force employment makes the employment situation more and more serious. As the quality of employment in the market and employer demand does not match, there is structural unemployment. The coexistence of delayed retirement and employment difficulty will be a normal problem in the future. The conflict between them is mainly reflected in the reduction of employment and the decrease in the speed of industrial structure optimization. In view of these problems, this paper considers the causes of the conflict from the following two aspects: first, the inherent defects of the pension system in our country cause the direct root of the conflict between the two. Secondly, the mismatch between industrial structure and employment structure leads to the appearance of structural unemployment. Only by overcoming these two problems can we solve the difficulty of employment and delay retirement. These two problems are strategic problems related to the overall economic development of our country, and we need to create conditions for solving them from many aspects. First, improve the social security system to ensure that the working people have no worries about their own lives. Second, the industrial structure should be optimized reasonably, and the industrial structure should be in line with the current situation of our country, which should not only improve the quality of economy, but also ensure full employment. Third, we should strive to build an innovative society, and the establishment of an innovative society will raise our economic development to a higher level, and provide a solid foundation for structural unemployment and the realization of delayed retirement, as well as a broader policy space. To sum up, despite the worldwide debate on the impact of late retirement on employment, more and more people are aware of the fact that, in the context of China's special national conditions, At present, delayed retirement will have a negative impact on the employment market in China. This paper further puts forward a way to coordinate the employment difficulties and the delayed retirement. On the premise of not increasing employment pressure and relieving pension pressure, we should extend the legal retirement age and the reform of retirement system step by means of flexible retirement, and perfect the old-age security system to alleviate the adverse effects of late retirement. To enrich the existing employment policies, to divide the pressure of social employment, to ensure the smooth development of the economy, to establish an innovative society in order to deal with the conflicts between late retirement and difficult employment at the source, and to realize the healthy and orderly development of our economy.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.2

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