基于农户受偿意愿的农田生态补偿——以湖北省京山县为例

发布时间：2018-08-26 21:28

【摘要】：农产品主产区的耕地保护是关系到全国农产品供给安全的重要问题.本文以湖北省京山县为例,以环境友好型农业生产的机会成本损失为基础,综合考虑农户的受偿意愿,确定出农田生态补偿额度,并通过构建Tobit回归模型分析影响农户受偿额度的相关因素.研究表明:在对保护性耕作有经济补偿的前提下,分别有77.1%和64.7%的受访农户愿意减少化肥和农药施用量.随着化肥、农药的减少比例从10%增加到50%,农户的机会成本分别由1198、5850元·hm-2·a-1增加到9698、9750元·hm-2·a-1,农户的受偿额度分别由4750、7313元·hm-2·a-1增加到9781、12393元·hm-2·a-1,在同等减少比例下,农户对农药减少的机会成本和受偿额度都大于化肥减少的机会成本和受偿额度,且基于农户意愿的受偿额度要大于其机会成本损失额度.距离城镇远近、对农田生态环境的认知、改善农田生态环境期望指数对农户减少化肥施用受偿额度有正向显著影响,而受教育程度和村集体经济状况有负向显著影响.家庭农业收入占比、对农田生态环境的认知、改善农田生态环境期望指数对农户减少农药施用受偿额度有正向显著影响,而家庭年现金收入和村集体经济状况有负向显著影响.
[Abstract]:The protection of cultivated land in agricultural production areas is an important issue related to the supply security of agricultural products in China. Taking Jingshan County of Hubei Province as an example, based on the opportunity cost loss of environment-friendly agricultural production, and considering the farmers' willingness to be compensated, this paper determines the compensation quota of farmland ecology. Tobit regression model is constructed to analyze the related factors that affect farmers' compensation. The results showed that 77.1% and 64.7% of the farmers were willing to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and pesticide under the condition of economic compensation for conservation tillage. With the increase of chemical fertilizer, the reduction rate of pesticides increased from 10% to 50%, the opportunity cost of farmers increased from 1198 ~ 5850 yuan hm-2 a-1 to 9698 ~ 8 ~ 9750 yuan hm-2 a ~ (-1), and the compensation amount of farmers increased from 4750 ~ 7313 yuan hm-2 a-1 to 9781 ~ 1 ~ 12393 yuan hm-2 a ~ (-1), respectively. The opportunity cost and compensation amount of pesticide reduction is larger than the opportunity cost and compensation amount of fertilizer reduction, and the compensation amount based on farmers' will is larger than their opportunity cost loss. The cognition of farmland ecological environment and the improvement of the expectation index of farmland ecological environment have a positive and significant effect on reducing the compensation amount of fertilizer application to farmers, while the education level and the village collective economy condition have a negative and significant effect on the cognition of farmland ecological environment from the distance from town to town. The proportion of household agricultural income, the cognition of farmland ecological environment, and the improvement of the expectation index of farmland ecological environment have positive and significant effects on the farmers to reduce the amount of compensation for pesticide application, while the annual cash income of the family and the village collective economic situation have a negative and significant effect.
【作者单位】：华中农业大学公共管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41371519) 国家社会科学基金项目(09CJY021) 中国博士后科学基金项目(20110491160,2013T60729) 中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2011PY008) 华中农业大学人文社会学科优秀青年人才培养计划项目资助
【分类号】：F323.211;F224

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