转型中的俄罗斯自然资源管理兼与中国对比——访俄见闻与思考

发布时间：2018-08-31 17:51

【摘要】：俄罗斯对自然资源和生态环境实行"相对集中与分类、分级、分部门管理相结合"的体制。土地管理由"经济发展部"负责,能源管理由"能源部"负责,其他如矿产资源、水资源、林业资源、海洋资源的管理及生态环境保护的职能绝大部分都集中于"自然资源与生态部"一个部门。在管理机构上,俄罗斯建立了由联邦部、联邦局、联邦署组成的三位一体的权力执行体系;在产权制度上,俄罗斯设计了自然资源的国家所有权、地方所有权、私人所有权、其他所有权四种形式。"自然资源与生态部"全面推行了权力清单制度,依照国家的法律法规和部门章程对俄联邦的自然资源与生态环境实行一体化的综合管理。我国与俄罗斯同处于转型发展的进程中,两国自然资源管理体制既有共性也各有特殊性。俄罗斯的这些转型经验对我国的相关改革具有启示和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Russia implements the system of "relative centralization and classification, classification and subsectoral management" for natural resources and ecological environment. Land management is the responsibility of the Ministry of Economic Development, energy management is the responsibility of the Ministry of Energy, and other resources, such as mineral resources, water resources and forestry resources, Most of the functions of marine resources management and ecological environment protection are concentrated in a department of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology. In terms of regulatory agencies, Russia has established a trinity of power enforcement systems composed of federal ministries, federal agencies and federal agencies; in the property rights system, Russia has designed state, local and private ownership of natural resources. There are four other forms of ownership. " The Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology has fully implemented the system of lists of powers, and has implemented integrated management of natural resources and ecological environment in the Russian Federation in accordance with the laws, regulations and regulations of the State. China and Russia are in the process of transformation and development, the management system of natural resources of the two countries have both commonness and particularity. These transition experiences of Russia have enlightenment and reference significance to the relevant reform of our country.
【作者单位】：国土资源部信息中心;国土资源部调控和监测司;中国国土资源经济研究院;
【分类号】：F205

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