大学生就业市场中自愿失业的成因与影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 18:25

【摘要】：近几年，全球经济整体复苏缓慢，中国经济的内部和外部环境都面临巨大压力，中国整体就业形式紧迫，在这样的大环境下，高校毕业生又逐年增加，再加上我国经济结构调整和经济增长方式的逐渐转型，就业弹性随之缩小，劳动力的需求明显减少。高校毕业生在初次就业时的压力越来越大，高校毕业生失业人群增多成为了全社会广为关注的问题。在大学毕业生的失业群体中，存在着一个特殊的现象就是自愿性失业。本文以高校毕业为研究对象进行研究，共分为六部分内容：第一部分引言，介绍论文的研究背景及问题的提出、研究意义、研究方法、研究思路及创新之处，最后综述国内外相关理论，研究结论等；第二部分大学生就业市场中自愿失业的背景和现状，详细分析和介绍了高等教育的发展现状、大学生就业的发展、中国经济发展与大学生就业市场的关系、大学生就业存在的问题、以及大学生自愿失业的表现形式；第三部分大学生自愿失业成因分析，以供求平衡理论、劳动力市场分割理论、保留工资理论、搜寻成本理论、机会成本理论对大学生自愿失业的成因进行解析；从社会学角度对大学生自愿失业的社会原因进行分析；第四部分自愿失业群体对大学生就业市场的影响分析，分析了自愿失业群体对大学生就业市场的积极和消极作用，为正确解析自愿失业群体存在的作用提供阐述；第五部分对策建议，针对以上现状、原因、机理的分析，，从自愿失业群体、政府、教育投资方三个角度提供可行性意见和建议；第六部分研究结论与不足，综述本文的研究结论，提出未来研究展望。通过以上研究，从经济学和社会学两个角度分析了大学毕业生自愿失业的形成原因，主要得到以下几个结论：大学毕业生选择自愿失业是市场调节和社会环境综合作用的结果；自愿失业的存在及其大小取决于劳动力供给曲线的位置；根据劳动力市场分割理论，大学生自愿性失业的重要原因在于我国存在分割的二元劳动力市场，劳动力不能完全自由流动；我国当前大学毕业生自愿失业的机会成本较低也是导致自愿失业大量存在的原因之一；从人力资本投资角度来看，很多大学毕业生预期收益率降低，因此选择自愿失业，因此从这方面来说，自愿失业也是一个理性的选择；从社会学角度来说，中国当前的经济发展地域差异、职业等级差异、制度差异等现状以及用人单位、大学毕业生本身、学校等方面也存在很多使得大学生选择自愿失业的原因。另外本文分析自愿失业群体对大学生就业市场的积极和消极影响，为正确解析自愿失业群体存在的作用提供阐述，为自愿失业合理化可行性意见和建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the overall recovery of the global economy has been slow, the internal and external environment of China's economy has been under tremendous pressure, and the overall employment forms in China are pressing. Under such a general environment, the number of college graduates is increasing year by year. In addition, with the adjustment of economic structure and the gradual transformation of economic growth mode, the employment elasticity shrinks and the demand of labor force decreases obviously. College graduates are under more and more pressure when they are employed for the first time, and the number of unemployed college graduates has become a widespread concern in the whole society. Among the unemployed group of college graduates, there is a special phenomenon of voluntary unemployment. The thesis is divided into six parts: the first part introduces the research background and problems of the thesis, the significance, the research methods, the research ideas and the innovation. In the second part, the background and present situation of voluntary unemployment in the employment market of college students are summarized, and the development status of higher education and employment of college students are analyzed and introduced in detail. The relationship between China's economic development and the employment market of college students, the problems existing in the employment of college students, and the manifestations of college students' voluntary unemployment; the third part analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college students, based on the theory of balance between supply and demand. The labor market segmentation theory, the retention wage theory, the search cost theory, the opportunity cost theory and the opportunity cost theory analyze the causes of college students' voluntary unemployment, analyze the social reasons of college students' voluntary unemployment from the angle of sociology. The fourth part analyzes the influence of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the college students' employment market, and provides an explanation for the correct analysis of the role of the voluntary unemployment group. The fifth part of the countermeasures and suggestions, in view of the above status, reasons, mechanism analysis, from the voluntary unemployment group, the government, education investors from three angles to provide feasible advice and suggestions; the sixth part of the research conclusions and deficiencies, The conclusion of this paper is summarized and the prospect of future research is put forward. Through the above research, this paper analyzes the causes of the voluntary unemployment of college graduates from the two angles of economics and sociology, and obtains the following conclusions: the choice of voluntary unemployment of college graduates is the result of the comprehensive effect of market regulation and social environment; The existence and size of voluntary unemployment depend on the position of labor supply curve, according to the theory of labor market segmentation, the important reason of college students' voluntary unemployment lies in the existence of divided dual labor market in China. The low opportunity cost of voluntary unemployment is also one of the reasons for the large number of voluntary unemployment. From the point of view of human capital investment, many college graduates expect a lower rate of return. Therefore, voluntary unemployment is also a rational choice in this respect. From a sociological point of view, China's current situation of regional differences in economic development, occupational grade differences, institutional differences, and employers, There are many reasons for college graduates to choose voluntary unemployment. In addition, this paper analyzes the positive and negative effects of the voluntary unemployment group on the employment market of college students, provides an explanation for correctly analyzing the role of the voluntary unemployment group, and provides some feasible suggestions and suggestions for the rationalization of voluntary unemployment.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.21

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