风电的外部性研究及其补偿机制的设计
发布时间：2018-10-08 09:44
【摘要】：进入二十一世纪以来,人类社会中出现的种种能源危机已经渐渐深入人心,而由于传统化石燃料的燃烧而带来的环境问题也日益加剧,在此背景下,可再生能源的发展前景较为广阔。风能作为应用最为广泛,技术最为成熟的可再生能源,在我国有着长足的发展。我国以风电装机容量和风电装机增长速度第一的身份成为风电发展大国,但是风电发展中的问题也暴露出来,风电并网难,称风电为“垃圾电”“弃风”等现象屡屡发生,而这些现象的出现阻碍着我国风电的健康发展。 论文通过总结国内外相关学者的研究成果,以经济学中外部性这一理论为切入点,通过对风电的正负外部性进行归类研究,将风电的正外部性分为风电的环境价值,风电的社会价值和风电的经济价值,将风电的负外部性分为风电的社会成本和风电的环境成本,并且针对每个方面选取不同的指标进行量化研究,来设计风电的正负外部性量化的计算模型。 此后,论文以内蒙古某典型风电场为例,以前文建立的模型为基础,对风电的正负外部性进行测算,并且得出风电的外部性价值很高、风电的外部性涉及主体较多以及应该合理将外部性内部化的结论。然后,论文根据承受主体和释放主体的不同,以外部性内部化理论中“庇古税”的方法为理论基础,对正负外部性的不同方面进行了补偿机制的设计,得出对风电正外部性主要由政府给予补偿,对风电负外部性主要由风电企业对相应的承受主体进行补偿的结论,对由于外部性带来的市场失灵和效率损失的问题予以修正,为政府的政策制定提供相应的经济学依据。
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21 century, the various energy crises in human society have gradually become popular, and the environmental problems caused by the burning of traditional fossil fuels are becoming more and more serious. The development prospect of renewable energy is relatively broad. As the most widely used and the most mature renewable energy, wind energy has a great development in China. China has become a large country in wind power development with the status of wind power installed capacity and wind power growth rate first. However, the problems in wind power development are also exposed. Wind power is difficult to connect to the grid, and wind power is often called "garbage electricity" and "abandoned wind power" and so on. The appearance of these phenomena hinders the healthy development of wind power in China. Based on the theory of externality in economics, this paper classifies the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through summarizing the research results of related scholars at home and abroad, and classifying the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through the classification of positive and negative externalities of wind power. The social value of wind power and the economic value of wind power are divided into the social cost of wind power and the environmental cost of wind power. To design the calculation model of positive and negative externalities of wind power. Then, taking a typical wind farm in Inner Mongolia as an example, the paper calculates the positive and negative externalities of wind power on the basis of the model established before, and concludes that the externality of wind power is very high. The conclusion that the externality of wind power should be internalized should be reasonable. Then, according to the difference between the subject of bearing and the subject of release, based on the method of "Pigou tax" in the internalization theory of externality, the paper designs the compensation mechanism in different aspects of positive and negative externalities. It is concluded that the positive externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by the government, the negative externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by wind power enterprises to the corresponding bearing bodies, and the problems of market failure and efficiency loss caused by externalities are corrected. To provide the corresponding economic basis for government policy making.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F224
本文编号：2256312
[Abstract]:Since entering the 21 century, the various energy crises in human society have gradually become popular, and the environmental problems caused by the burning of traditional fossil fuels are becoming more and more serious. The development prospect of renewable energy is relatively broad. As the most widely used and the most mature renewable energy, wind energy has a great development in China. China has become a large country in wind power development with the status of wind power installed capacity and wind power growth rate first. However, the problems in wind power development are also exposed. Wind power is difficult to connect to the grid, and wind power is often called "garbage electricity" and "abandoned wind power" and so on. The appearance of these phenomena hinders the healthy development of wind power in China. Based on the theory of externality in economics, this paper classifies the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through summarizing the research results of related scholars at home and abroad, and classifying the positive externality of wind power into the environmental value of wind power through the classification of positive and negative externalities of wind power. The social value of wind power and the economic value of wind power are divided into the social cost of wind power and the environmental cost of wind power. To design the calculation model of positive and negative externalities of wind power. Then, taking a typical wind farm in Inner Mongolia as an example, the paper calculates the positive and negative externalities of wind power on the basis of the model established before, and concludes that the externality of wind power is very high. The conclusion that the externality of wind power should be internalized should be reasonable. Then, according to the difference between the subject of bearing and the subject of release, based on the method of "Pigou tax" in the internalization theory of externality, the paper designs the compensation mechanism in different aspects of positive and negative externalities. It is concluded that the positive externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by the government, the negative externalities of wind power are mainly compensated by wind power enterprises to the corresponding bearing bodies, and the problems of market failure and efficiency loss caused by externalities are corrected. To provide the corresponding economic basis for government policy making.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.61;F224
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