X快递公司物料采购策略研究

发布时间：2018-11-27 13:29

【摘要】：随着全球经济一体化进展的深化，中国加入世界贸易组织后经济迅猛发展，信息技术在物流领域的运用和发展，各国快递物流企业之间面对的是全球这个共同的市场。近年来，电子商务和网络经济飞速发展，对物流提出了更高的要求，快递物流企业竞争越来越残酷，物流企业靠过去在技术、资金和网络建立的先动优势已经无法保住企业的竞争优势。各大快递企业都在绞尽脑汁的开源节流，纷纷设置专门的采购职能。加强采购管理正成为新的利润可持续增长点，越来越受到各快递企业的重视，对企业总拥有成本降低起到重要贡献。本文将以全球500强X公司为研究对象，首先深入分析目前X公司的采购管理特点及现状。相比传统制造行业的采购活动，物流快递企业物流网点遍布全球各地，单个操作中心、配送仓库和转运中心的物料采购量少，采购种类多，每个使用部门的仓库存放空间有限，物流配送成本高，个别客户所用的物料规格特殊，这些都成为物流领域的采购管理难题。其次，针对X公司采购部门绩效考核存在采购价格高、交货期长、库存管理不善的问题，通过大量查阅专家和学者们的研究成果、论文和方法论，运用了Kraljic矩阵、鱼骨图法、采购流程优化、线性回归法、概率法计算安全库存、集中采购与分散采购组合、总拥有成本理论、交易理论等理论和方法，，提出了多供应商策略、直接采购策略、优化采购流程、集中采购与分散采购相结合、缩短运输配送时间、提高需求预测准确性、改善库存管理等改善策略。最后提出了采购人员培训、管理层面支持和信息系统优化等实施保障措施，总结了成本节约、库存周转天数和交货准时率的改善结果。论文从提升X公司的物料采购管理效益的角度出发，分析了快递企业物料采购过程中改善采购价格、缩短交货期和改善库存的方法和策略，最终有效地降低企业总拥有成本，保证了物料供应的稳定性，提升了企业的竞争力，希望能供国内外物流快递企业或者相关企业的采购管理借鉴。
[Abstract]:With the deepening of global economic integration and the rapid economic development after China's entry into WTO, the application and development of information technology in the field of logistics, express logistics enterprises in various countries are facing this common global market. In recent years, with the rapid development of electronic commerce and network economy, higher demands on logistics have been put forward. The competition of express logistics enterprises is becoming more and more cruel. Logistics enterprises rely on the technology in the past. The first-mover advantage of capital and network has been unable to protect the competitive advantage of enterprises. Major express delivery enterprises are racking their brains to cut expenditure, set up a special procurement function. Strengthening purchasing management is becoming a new sustainable growth point of profit, which is paid more and more attention by express delivery enterprises, and plays an important role in reducing the total cost of ownership. In this paper, we will take the top 500 X companies as the research object. Firstly, we will deeply analyze the characteristics and current situation of the procurement management of X Company. Compared with the procurement activities in traditional manufacturing industry, logistics express enterprises have logistics outlets all over the world, with a single operation center, a distribution warehouse and a trans-shipment center, with a small amount of materials purchased, a variety of procurement types, and a limited storage space for each use department. The high cost of logistics distribution and the special specifications of materials used by individual customers have become the procurement management problems in the field of logistics. Secondly, in view of the problems of high purchase price, long delivery period and poor inventory management in the performance appraisal of procurement department of X Company, through consulting the research results, papers and methodologies of experts and scholars, we use Kraljic matrix, fish bone map method. Purchasing process optimization, linear regression method, probability method to calculate safe inventory, centralized purchasing and decentralized purchasing combination, total cost of ownership theory, transaction theory and other theories and methods, put forward multi-supplier strategy, direct procurement strategy, etc. Optimize the purchasing process, combine centralized purchasing with decentralized purchasing, shorten the time of transportation and distribution, improve the accuracy of demand prediction, improve inventory management and so on. Finally, the paper puts forward the measures to ensure the training of purchasing staff, management support and information system optimization, and summarizes the improvement results of cost saving, inventory turnover days and delivery on time. From the point of view of improving the benefit of material purchase management in X Company, the paper analyzes the methods and strategies to improve the purchasing price, shorten the delivery time and improve the inventory in the process of material purchase in express delivery enterprises, and finally effectively reduce the total cost of ownership of the enterprise. It ensures the stability of the material supply and promotes the competitiveness of the enterprises. It hopes to be used for reference for the procurement management of domestic and foreign logistics express enterprises or related enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F259.23

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