我国加工贸易领域就业规模及变动特征

发布时间：2018-11-28 17:01

【摘要】：加工贸易是我国吸纳就业尤其是中低端劳动力就业的重要领域。从对广州、东莞、苏州、河南四个加工贸易代表性地区的典型调查数据判断,2012年我国加工贸易领域直接吸纳的就业人数在3000万左右,带动相关上下游行业就业人数约1000万人,合计吸纳和带动就业约4000万人。随着我国加工贸易增长放缓、结构升级和布局调整,加工贸易领域就业规模的峰值已过去,并呈现就业人数逐步下降、新生代农民工成为主体、人员素质提高和权益意识增强、就业布局加快调整等特点。从发展趋势看,我国加工贸易企业的劳动生产率总体上处于上升阶段,未来我国加工贸易领域就业人数还将延续"稳中有降"的趋势。
[Abstract]:Processing trade is an important field to absorb employment, especially for middle and low-end labor force. Judging from the typical survey data of four representative areas of processing trade in Guangzhou, Dongguan, Suzhou, and Henan, in 2012, the number of people directly employed in the processing trade sector in China was about 30 million, and the number of employment in related upstream and downstream industries was about 10 million. A total of 40 million people have been absorbed and promoted in employment. With the growth of processing trade slowing down, structural upgrading and layout adjustment, the peak of employment scale in processing trade has passed, and the number of employed has gradually decreased. The new generation of migrant workers has become the main body, the quality of personnel has been improved and the awareness of rights and interests has been enhanced. The employment distribution accelerates the adjustment and so on characteristic. According to the development trend, the labor productivity of processing trade enterprises in China is on the whole on the rise stage, and the number of people employed in the field of processing trade in China will continue the trend of "steady and steady decline" in the future.
【作者单位】：国务院发展研究中心农村经济研究部;
【基金】：商务部与国务院发展研究中心“我国加工贸易当前就业状况调查研究”联合课题的部分成果。课题总负责人为隆国强研究员,研究负责人为张琦研究员,作者为本成果的执笔人
【分类号】：F752.68;F249.2

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