中国城市分布特征及其影响因素

发布时间：2018-12-11 21:09

【摘要】：通过对221 BC-1911 AD年间中国城市分布特征及其影响因素的研究,发现:1在整个研究阶段,中国城市分布的重心位于中东部地区,秦—唐时期重心向西南地区大幅移动,唐—元时期重心先东北方向移动后转向西南方向,元—清时期重心主要向北移动。以腾冲—瑷珲一线为界线分区研究发现,在整个研究阶段西部重心在南北及东西方向呈现出较大的波动趋势,东部重心呈现出与全国类似的运动轨迹。2标准差椭圆分析表明全国及东西部地区城市分布经历了明显的分散—集聚—分散的变化趋势,其中西部地区最为明显。从城市分布的平均方向看,全国及东部地区具有一定的相似性,均以东北—西南为主要分布特征,西部地区是以西北—东南为主要分布特征。3从城市密度分布特征看,其空间连续性和自组织性不断加强且由空间相关性引起的结构性变异处于显著状态。从方向上来看,全方向上的均质化程度呈下降趋势,西北—东南方向各时期城市密度均质化程度相对较好,空间差异相对较小,而东—西方向差异最为明显。4分析不同时期城市设置的相关因素发现,221 BC-1911 AD年间,中国城市设置相对集中在地形平坦、气候适中且靠近河流及中心城市的地区。
[Abstract]:By studying the characteristics of urban distribution and its influencing factors during the period of 221 BC-1911 AD, it is found that: (1) in the whole research stage, the center of gravity of urban distribution in China lies in the central and eastern part of China, and the center of gravity of China's urban distribution moved to the southwest region in the period of Qin Dynasty and Tang Dynasty. In Tang and Yuan dynasties, the center of gravity shifted first to northeast and then to southwest, and to the north in Yuan and Qing dynasties. Taking Tengchong Aihui Line as the dividing line, it was found that the center of gravity in the west of China had a large fluctuating trend in the north, south and east direction during the whole research period. (2) the ellipse analysis of standard deviation indicates that the distribution of cities in the whole country and the eastern and western regions has experienced an obvious trend of dispersion, agglomeration and dispersion, especially in the western part of China. From the average direction of urban distribution, there is a certain similarity between the whole country and the eastern region, and the main distribution characteristics are from the northeast to the southwest, and the west from the northwest to the southeast. The spatial continuity and self-organization are strengthened and the structural variation caused by spatial correlation is significant. From the direction of view, the degree of homogenization in the whole direction shows a downward trend, the degree of urban density homogenization is relatively good and the spatial difference is relatively small in each period of northwest to southeast direction. The difference between east and west is most obvious. (4) by analyzing the relative factors of urban setup in different periods, it is found that the urban settings in China were relatively flat terrain, moderate climate and close to rivers and central cities during the period of 221 BC-1911 AD.
【作者单位】：兰州大学资源环境学院;兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室;西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41171143,41271133) 中央高校基本科研业务专项资金(lzujbky-2015-216)
【分类号】：F299.2

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