企业女职工延迟退休年龄制度的研究
发布时间：2019-04-03 13:35
【摘要】：新中国退休制度发展到现在已经有半个多世纪,随着社会和经济的快速发展,当前的退休制度已经难以适应社会的发展需要,改革已经迫在眉睫。而需要改革的退休制度中企业女职工退休年龄尤为重要。经济的发展,促进医疗卫生事业的巨大进步。医疗卫生水平的提高以及人民生活环境的改善使得老年人的健康水平显著提高,人口预期寿命也随之增长。伴随着人口预期寿命的延长、人口结构的变化,我国的人口老龄化越来越严峻。50年代制定的法定退休制度是以当时的社会背景为基础,社会经过全面的发展后,制度与现今发展状况不相符,尤其是企业女职工退休年龄方面的问题日益凸显。而退休年龄涉及社会领域的方方面面,对退休年龄的调整则会影响社会、企业以及个人需求与决策,范围非常广泛,是一项非常复杂的政策。尽管如此,延迟企业职工退休年龄仍然是改革的趋势。由于延迟退休年龄对各行各业甚至是性别的影响都不相同,对延迟退休年龄反映社会各界也不相同,而且反对者居多。在这样的背景下,制定延长退休年龄政策必须谨慎考虑,需要做好充足的准备。关于退休年龄的研究已经存在很多,为退休年龄的改革提供一些理论基础。本文主要研究退休年龄中一个方面即企业女职工退休年龄,企业女职工退休年龄的调整是进行制度改革的基石。我国企业女职工退休年龄相比较于全球的其他国家,退休年龄比较低。对男女不同龄退休的讨论,从1989年起就成为两会代表争论的焦点。延迟退休年龄一直是专家学者以及社会各界讨论的话题,他们认为女职工当前的退休年龄属于低龄状态,与男职工退休年龄差异化对女性不公平。低龄、差异性退休不仅使女性人力资源没有得到有效的利用,而且还侵害了女性职工的合法权益,破坏了男女平等。如果企业女职工的退休年龄延长,一方面可以将女性人力资源的效用最大化,提高养老金收入,进而缩小男女职工老年生活的收入差距,改善她们退休后的生活,并实现了男女平等就业权利。另一方面也弥补了当前养老金的缺口,缓解养老金支付困难。 对于延迟退休年龄,应该从企业女职工方面入手,循序渐进地实施延迟退休年龄的政策。本文将通过以下几个部分来分析延迟企业女职工退休年龄。第一部分,论述社会公平理论、人力资本理论、人口红利理论相关概念,将它们作为延迟企业女职工退休年龄的理论基础；第二部分,对企业女职工退休制度的历史沿革和当前发展的现状进行梳理归纳,并分析存在问题以及产生的原因,认识到当前的退休年龄已经难以适应社会经济发展状态,改革时机基本成熟。第三部分,通过分析国外延迟退休年龄的经验,总结出对我国实施延迟退休年龄的启示，，从而提出适合我国国情的、有针对性的对策。第四部分,调整企业女职工退休年龄涉及到社会各个领域,对于实施的必要性与可行性应该进行深入分析,为我国退休年龄的改革提供支撑。第五部分,根据上述分析,在坚持公平、循序渐进、兼顾就业的原则下,提出延迟企业女职工退休年龄的方案,以及保证方案能够有效实施的配套措施。 本文可能的创新点是将研究的对象定位于我国企业女职工退休年龄,退休年龄的制定与社会环境是紧密联系的,对于企业女职工退休年龄的改革应该建立在现代经济社会发展状况的基础上,进行综合性分析,从而提出科学合理的改革方案。本文对女性职工的退休年龄单独进行分析,使研究对象能够更加的具体,细致化,制定方案更加明确。除此之外,本文还通过PEST、SWOT两种分析方法来研究延长企业女职工退休年龄可行性进行。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and economy, the current retirement system has been difficult to meet the development needs of the society, and the reform has become more and more urgent. The retirement age of female workers in the retirement system that needs to be reformed is particularly important. The development of the economy has made great progress in the cause of medical and health. The improvement of the level of health and the improvement of the living environment of the people has led to a marked improvement in the health of the elderly, and the life expectancy of the population has also increased. With the extension of the life expectancy of the population and the change of the population structure, the aging population of our country is becoming more and more serious. The statutory retirement system developed in the 1950s was based on the social background at that time. After the development of the society, the system was not in conformity with the present development situation. In particular, the problem of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise is becoming more and more prominent. The retirement age is related to all aspects of the social field. The adjustment of the retirement age will affect the social, business and individual needs and decision-making. It is a very complex policy. Nevertheless, delaying the retirement age of the staff of the enterprise is still the trend of the reform. The delayed retirement age is not the same for all walks of life and even gender, and it is not the same for the late retirement age to reflect the different sectors of the community, and the majority of the opponents. In such a context, the development of an extended retirement age policy must be carefully considered and adequate preparation is required. There are many studies on the retirement age, which provides some theoretical basis for the reform of the retirement age. This article mainly studies the retirement age of the enterprise female worker in one aspect of the retirement age, and the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is the cornerstone of the system reform. The retirement age of female workers in our country is compared with other countries in the world, and the retirement age is low. The discussion of the non-peer retirement of men and women became the focus of the debate on the two representatives since 1989. The delayed retirement age has always been a subject of discussion by experts and scholars as well as all sectors of society, and they believe that the current retirement age of female workers is of a low-age state, and the difference between the retirement age of male and female workers is not fair to women. The low-age and differential retirement not only makes the female human resource not effectively utilized, but also infringes on the legal rights and interests of female employees, and undermines the equality between men and women. If the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is extended, on the one hand, the utility of the female human resource can be maximized, the income of the old-age pension is improved, the income gap of the old-age life of the male and female workers is reduced, the life after the retirement is improved, and the employment right of the equal and the equal is realized. On the other hand, the gap of the current old-age pension is also made up, and the payment difficulty of the old-age pension is In order to delay the retirement age, it is necessary to start with the enterprise female worker, and gradually implement the policy of delaying the retirement age. This article will analyze the retirement age of the delayed enterprise female worker through the following parts: The first part, the theory of social equity, the theory of human capital, the concept of the theory of population dividend, and the related concepts of the theory of human capital and the theory of population dividend, are the theoretical basis for delaying the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the second part is to sort out the history of the retirement system of female workers and the present situation of the current development. By analyzing the existing problems and the reasons, it is recognized that the current retirement age has been difficult to adapt to the state of the social and economic development, and the reform time is basically The third part, through the analysis of the experience of the foreign delayed retirement age, summarizes the enlightenment to the implementation of the delayed retirement age in our country, so as to put forward the appropriate and pointed way to the situation of our country. The fourth part, the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker involves the various fields of the society, and the necessity and feasibility of the implementation should be in-depth analysis, which provides the support for the reform of the retirement age of our country The fifth part, on the basis of the above analysis, put forward a proposal to delay the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the supporting measures to ensure the effective implementation of the scheme, based on the above analysis. The possible innovation point of this paper is to set the object of the study to the retirement age of female workers in our country. The development of the retirement age is closely related to the social environment. The reform of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise should be established in the state of the modern economic and social development On the basis of comprehensive analysis, a scientific and reasonable modification is put forward In this paper, the retirement age of female workers is analyzed separately, so that the research object can be more specific and more detailed, and the development of the plan is more In addition, this paper also studies the feasibility of extending the retirement age of female workers by PEST and SWOT.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.2
本文编号：2453256
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the society and economy, the current retirement system has been difficult to meet the development needs of the society, and the reform has become more and more urgent. The retirement age of female workers in the retirement system that needs to be reformed is particularly important. The development of the economy has made great progress in the cause of medical and health. The improvement of the level of health and the improvement of the living environment of the people has led to a marked improvement in the health of the elderly, and the life expectancy of the population has also increased. With the extension of the life expectancy of the population and the change of the population structure, the aging population of our country is becoming more and more serious. The statutory retirement system developed in the 1950s was based on the social background at that time. After the development of the society, the system was not in conformity with the present development situation. In particular, the problem of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise is becoming more and more prominent. The retirement age is related to all aspects of the social field. The adjustment of the retirement age will affect the social, business and individual needs and decision-making. It is a very complex policy. Nevertheless, delaying the retirement age of the staff of the enterprise is still the trend of the reform. The delayed retirement age is not the same for all walks of life and even gender, and it is not the same for the late retirement age to reflect the different sectors of the community, and the majority of the opponents. In such a context, the development of an extended retirement age policy must be carefully considered and adequate preparation is required. There are many studies on the retirement age, which provides some theoretical basis for the reform of the retirement age. This article mainly studies the retirement age of the enterprise female worker in one aspect of the retirement age, and the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is the cornerstone of the system reform. The retirement age of female workers in our country is compared with other countries in the world, and the retirement age is low. The discussion of the non-peer retirement of men and women became the focus of the debate on the two representatives since 1989. The delayed retirement age has always been a subject of discussion by experts and scholars as well as all sectors of society, and they believe that the current retirement age of female workers is of a low-age state, and the difference between the retirement age of male and female workers is not fair to women. The low-age and differential retirement not only makes the female human resource not effectively utilized, but also infringes on the legal rights and interests of female employees, and undermines the equality between men and women. If the retirement age of the enterprise female worker is extended, on the one hand, the utility of the female human resource can be maximized, the income of the old-age pension is improved, the income gap of the old-age life of the male and female workers is reduced, the life after the retirement is improved, and the employment right of the equal and the equal is realized. On the other hand, the gap of the current old-age pension is also made up, and the payment difficulty of the old-age pension is In order to delay the retirement age, it is necessary to start with the enterprise female worker, and gradually implement the policy of delaying the retirement age. This article will analyze the retirement age of the delayed enterprise female worker through the following parts: The first part, the theory of social equity, the theory of human capital, the concept of the theory of population dividend, and the related concepts of the theory of human capital and the theory of population dividend, are the theoretical basis for delaying the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the second part is to sort out the history of the retirement system of female workers and the present situation of the current development. By analyzing the existing problems and the reasons, it is recognized that the current retirement age has been difficult to adapt to the state of the social and economic development, and the reform time is basically The third part, through the analysis of the experience of the foreign delayed retirement age, summarizes the enlightenment to the implementation of the delayed retirement age in our country, so as to put forward the appropriate and pointed way to the situation of our country. The fourth part, the adjustment of the retirement age of the enterprise female worker involves the various fields of the society, and the necessity and feasibility of the implementation should be in-depth analysis, which provides the support for the reform of the retirement age of our country The fifth part, on the basis of the above analysis, put forward a proposal to delay the retirement age of female workers in enterprises, and the supporting measures to ensure the effective implementation of the scheme, based on the above analysis. The possible innovation point of this paper is to set the object of the study to the retirement age of female workers in our country. The development of the retirement age is closely related to the social environment. The reform of the retirement age of female workers in the enterprise should be established in the state of the modern economic and social development On the basis of comprehensive analysis, a scientific and reasonable modification is put forward In this paper, the retirement age of female workers is analyzed separately, so that the research object can be more specific and more detailed, and the development of the plan is more In addition, this paper also studies the feasibility of extending the retirement age of female workers by PEST and SWOT.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.2
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