大学生积极心理资本的测度及其对就业的影响
发布时间：2019-05-21 17:20
【摘要】：大学生就业历来是党和国家非常关注和重视的问题。党的十八大提出了“做好以高校毕业生为重点的青年就业工作”、“推动实现更高质量的就业”等一系列新任务、新要求，更加凸显了我国大学生就业问题的重要性。与此相对应的现实情况大学生就业面临着严峻的形势：一方面劳动力市场整体需求不足，另一方面用人单位常常苦于人才的缺乏而招不到合适的人才。出现这种供需不平衡的一个主要原因是，，在知识经济时代高素质人才已经成为各用人单位极力争取的第一资源，虽然我国劳动力的学历层次在不断提高，但高学历并不能与氋素质之间完全划等号。在竞争激烈的就业市场上，学历和文凭已经被越来越多的用人单位放在了次要位置，一个大学生的综合素质尤其是心理素质被越来越多的用人单位作为主要衡量指标。 积极心理资本作为影响大学生就业的一个重要因素对心理健康、幸福感和工作绩效等方面的作用已经被很多研究学者所证实。心理资本对于提升就业机会以致工作能力都具有较为重要的作用，本研究在文献分析探讨的基础上，对积极心理资本内涵进行了界定，并构建了积极心理资本对大学生就业影响的经济理论模型；对大学生积极心理资本测度方法进行了比较，改进和编制了本土化的《大学生积极心理资本调查问卷》，并进行了信度和效度分析，结果表明问卷具有良好的信度和效度；运用定量分析方法对大学生积极心理资本及六个维度的影响因素进行了差异性分析，分析表明影响路径受到人口统计学变量如性别、年龄、生源地及专业背景等因素的影响，而且各个因素影响方向和程度均不相同；构建二值选择模型，并运用probit和logit方法进行了计量稳定性检验，实证结果表明：积极心理资本及其结构要素维度都对大学生就业有显著影响，主要通过以下两个途径：（1）大学生积极心理资本通过希望、乐观、韧性、感恩、自尊等资本构成要素维度对大学生就业机会具有显著的正向的影响，提升各维度可以提升大学生就业。自我效能因素影响不显著。（2）大学生积极心理资本作为一个整体对大学生就业也有显著正向的影响，作为一个整体影响作用显著大于各维度的影响作用。因此解决大学生就业难的问题，促进大学生就业，可以从提升大学生积极心理资本入手，通过有针对性的措施增强大学生积极心理资本总量及各维度，从而实现推进大学生就业的目的。
[Abstract]:The employment of college students has always been a problem that the Party and the country attach great importance to. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward a series of new tasks, such as "doing a good job of youth employment with emphasis on college graduates" and "promoting higher quality employment". The new requirements have highlighted the importance of the employment problem of college students in our country. The corresponding reality is that the employment of college students is facing a severe situation: on the one hand, the overall demand of the labor market is insufficient, on the other hand, employers often suffer from the lack of talents and can not recruit suitable talents. One of the main reasons for the imbalance between supply and demand is that in the era of knowledge economy, high-quality talents have become the first resources that employers strive for, although the educational level of the labor force in our country is constantly improving. However, a high degree of education can not be completely equated with the quality of a person. In the competitive job market, academic qualifications and diplomas have been put in the secondary position by more and more employers. The comprehensive quality of a college student, especially the psychological quality, is regarded as the main index by more and more employers. As an important factor affecting college students' employment, the role of positive psychological capital in mental health, happiness and job performance has been confirmed by many researchers. Psychological capital plays an important role in improving employment opportunities and even working ability. on the basis of literature analysis and discussion, this study defines the connotation of positive psychological capital. The economic theoretical model of the influence of positive psychological capital on college students' employment is constructed. This paper compares the methods of measuring college students' positive psychological capital, improves and compiles the localized questionnaire of positive psychological capital of college students, and analyzes the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The results show that the questionnaire has good reliability and validity. This paper analyzes the difference between the positive psychological capital of college students and the influencing factors of the six dimensions by means of quantitative analysis. The analysis shows that the influencing path is affected by demographic variables such as sex, age, origin of students and professional background. Moreover, the influence direction and degree of each factor are different. The binary selection model is constructed, and the econometric stability test is carried out by using probit and logit methods. The empirical results show that the positive psychological capital and its structural elements have a significant impact on the employment of college students. Through the following two ways: (1) the positive psychological capital of college students has a significant positive impact on the employment opportunities of college students through the dimensions of capital components such as hope, optimism, resilience, gratitude, self-esteem and so on. The promotion of various dimensions can improve the employment of college students. The influence of self-efficacy factors is not significant. (2) the positive psychological capital of college students as a whole also has a significant positive impact on the employment of college students, as a whole, the effect is significantly greater than that of each dimension. Therefore, to solve the problem of difficult employment of college students and promote the employment of college students, we can start with promoting the positive psychological capital of college students, and enhance the total amount and dimensions of positive psychological capital of college students through targeted measures. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the employment of college students.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F224;F249.2
本文编号：2482254
[Abstract]:The employment of college students has always been a problem that the Party and the country attach great importance to. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) put forward a series of new tasks, such as "doing a good job of youth employment with emphasis on college graduates" and "promoting higher quality employment". The new requirements have highlighted the importance of the employment problem of college students in our country. The corresponding reality is that the employment of college students is facing a severe situation: on the one hand, the overall demand of the labor market is insufficient, on the other hand, employers often suffer from the lack of talents and can not recruit suitable talents. One of the main reasons for the imbalance between supply and demand is that in the era of knowledge economy, high-quality talents have become the first resources that employers strive for, although the educational level of the labor force in our country is constantly improving. However, a high degree of education can not be completely equated with the quality of a person. In the competitive job market, academic qualifications and diplomas have been put in the secondary position by more and more employers. The comprehensive quality of a college student, especially the psychological quality, is regarded as the main index by more and more employers. As an important factor affecting college students' employment, the role of positive psychological capital in mental health, happiness and job performance has been confirmed by many researchers. Psychological capital plays an important role in improving employment opportunities and even working ability. on the basis of literature analysis and discussion, this study defines the connotation of positive psychological capital. The economic theoretical model of the influence of positive psychological capital on college students' employment is constructed. This paper compares the methods of measuring college students' positive psychological capital, improves and compiles the localized questionnaire of positive psychological capital of college students, and analyzes the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. The results show that the questionnaire has good reliability and validity. This paper analyzes the difference between the positive psychological capital of college students and the influencing factors of the six dimensions by means of quantitative analysis. The analysis shows that the influencing path is affected by demographic variables such as sex, age, origin of students and professional background. Moreover, the influence direction and degree of each factor are different. The binary selection model is constructed, and the econometric stability test is carried out by using probit and logit methods. The empirical results show that the positive psychological capital and its structural elements have a significant impact on the employment of college students. Through the following two ways: (1) the positive psychological capital of college students has a significant positive impact on the employment opportunities of college students through the dimensions of capital components such as hope, optimism, resilience, gratitude, self-esteem and so on. The promotion of various dimensions can improve the employment of college students. The influence of self-efficacy factors is not significant. (2) the positive psychological capital of college students as a whole also has a significant positive impact on the employment of college students, as a whole, the effect is significantly greater than that of each dimension. Therefore, to solve the problem of difficult employment of college students and promote the employment of college students, we can start with promoting the positive psychological capital of college students, and enhance the total amount and dimensions of positive psychological capital of college students through targeted measures. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the employment of college students.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F224;F249.2
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