我国上市公司财务舞弊问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-17 07:37

【摘要】：财务报告是企业经营管理和科学决策的重要依据,也是国民经济宏观和微观管理的重要信息来源。作为公共产品的财务报告,使用者为数众多(包括政府部门、债权人和众多投资者),虚假财务报告具有巨大的破坏性和杀伤力,因此,我们有必要深入挖掘引起舞弊的因素,便于监管者和利益相关者及时发现问题,避免因使用虚假信息造成损失。本文以2000-2010年度受到证监会(或财政部)处罚的38家A股上市公司的82份年报为研究对象。首先以“舞弊三角理论”为基础,分析了引起财务报告舞弊的“压力”、“机会”、“借口”因素；然后,根据所选取的研究样本,进行描述性分析,得出舞弊年份分布以及舞弊公司所处行业的特征,同时发现公司舞弊主要采取虚构收入、虚增资产、未按规定对外披露信息、少计负债、少计费用、违规并表等手段,高估收入和资产,低估成本和费用,隐瞒重要事项的披露,以实现再融资、操纵股价、避免戴帽等目的。继而,本文通过建立二元逻辑回归模型,以舞弊样本和控制样本构成总样本,分别进行单因素分析和二元逻辑回归分析。分析发现在我国证券市场中,上市公司发生财务报告舞弊行为的压力主要来源于戴帽、退市。当公司面临配股/增发压力或者面临戴帽、退市压力时,第一大股东持股比例过高将为舞弊的发生提供机会,而较高的独立董事比例和股权的适度集中则有利于预防舞弊的发生,董事会规模、监事会规模、流通股比例以及主审会计师事务所的信用度等指标与公司财务报告舞弊间则不存在显著相关性。对舞弊特征的分析,以及实证研究结果,将有助于相关监管部门、审计人员和投资者更好地发现识别舞弊征兆,时刻保持警惕以发现公司的舞弊行为。
[Abstract]:Financial report is an important basis for business management and scientific decision - making , and is an important source of information for macro - and micro - management of national economy . As the financial report of public goods , users are many ( including government departments , creditors and many investors ) , false financial reports have huge destructive and destructive power . Therefore , it is necessary to dig into the factors that cause fraud , so as to facilitate the timely detection of problems by regulators and stakeholders , and avoid losses caused by the use of false information .

In this paper , 82 annual reports of 38 A - share listed companies punished by the CSRC ( or the Ministry of Finance ) in 2000 - 2010 are regarded as research objects . Firstly , based on the theory of fraud triangle , the paper analyzes the " pressure " , " opportunity " and " excuse " factors that cause financial reporting fraud ;
Then , according to the selected research sample , the descriptive analysis is carried out to obtain the distribution of fraud year and the characteristics of the industry in the company . At the same time , it is found that the company ' s fraud mainly adopts fictitious income , fictitious assets , non - regulated external disclosure information , less liabilities , less cost and expenses , conceals the disclosure of important matters , and carries out single factor analysis and dual logistic regression analysis .

The analysis of the characteristics of fraud , as well as the results of the empirical research , will help the relevant regulators , auditors and investors better identify the signs of fraud and maintain vigilance to find the company ' s fraud .
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：F231.6;F276.6

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