论哈耶克的竞争观及其启示

发布时间：2017-12-31 23:25

本文关键词：论哈耶克的竞争观及其启示　出处：《西北大学》2006年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：竞争作为经济学的一个重要范畴，历来被经济学家所看重，经济学家几乎借助它来分析人们的一切经济行为。在我国今天的现实生活中，竞争与垄断并存，某些垄断行为和不正当竞争现象严重影响了国家的经济生活，给国民经济造成了很大损失。因此，我们应当进一步深刻地认识竞争，借鉴西方发达国家的经验，探索一条适合中国市场经济发展的道路，以加速我国的经济建设。哈耶克(F．A．von Hayek)系1974年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者，其经济主张以倡导市场竞争而见长，本文系统梳理和研究了哈耶克的竞争思想，文章共分三部分：第一部分，系统阐述哈耶克竞争观的基础理论。主要包括三方面：首先，哈耶克继承了休谟的人性自私的观点，，并提出自私有限度，不能无限扩张，它必须受到规范，在规定的界限内每个人的私利才能得到保障。对人性的规范是法律和道德，法律是最低限度，道德是最高要求。其次，哈耶克提出相对无知观，把世界分为三个维度：主观世界，客观世界和主客世界扩散互动的世界，论证客观知识的无限性，及理性的局限性，知识是理性的本源理性架起了人与知识的桥梁。第三，哈耶认为自由是社会发展的原动力，又是社会的最高目标。自由首先是思想与行动的自由，然后是以此为基础的竞争的自由和创新的自由，自由竞争是创新的前提，创新是自由竞争的必然结果，要在自由竞争保持不败的地位创新是唯一出路。第二部分，以哈耶克人性观、知识观、自由观为基础，系统论述了哈耶克竞争思想。首先论述了哈耶克对主流经济学完全竞争理论的批判，哈耶克认为，竞争从其本质上说，是一种动态过程，但完全竞争理论的静态分析，几乎根本不能称为“竞争”，其结论很少能用来作为制定政策的指导。接着阐述了哈耶克作为发现过程的竞争的功能和作用的思想；随后论述哈耶克对于经济垄断的批评；最后论述了哈耶克关于如何形成和维护有效竞争的思想。第三部分，通过研究目前影响我国市场竞争秩序的主要因素，以哈耶克竞争思想为出发点，对于如何在我国形成和维护有效竞争，从长远来看，主要要做好两方面工作：一方面要推进商业竞争的道德环境建设。另一方面要构建有限政府，并将政府主要职能限定在制定游戏规则、提供公共产品和社会保障，以及维护信息的真实、公开与透明三方面。
[Abstract]:Competition is an important category of economics, has always been valued by economists, economists almost by analyzing the economic behavior of all people. It is in real life today in our country, the coexistence of competition and monopoly, monopolistic behavior and unfair competition phenomenon has seriously affected the economic life of the country, causing great losses to the national the economy. Therefore, we should further understand the competition, learn from the experience of western developed countries, to explore a suitable for the development of Chinese market economy, to accelerate the economic development of our country.
Hayek (F.A.von Hayek) was awarded the Nobel prize in economics in 1974. Her economic proposition is known for its advocacy of market competition. This paper systematically combs and studies Hayek's competition thought. The article is divided into three parts.
The first part expounds the basic theory system of Hayek competition concept. Mainly includes three aspects: first, Hayek inherited Hume's view of human selfishness, and put forward the selfish limited, not unlimited expansion, it must be standardized, each within the stipulated limits people's private interests can be guaranteed. The specification is the law of human nature law and morality, is the minimum, is the highest moral requirements. Secondly, Hayek put forward the concept of relative ignorance, the world is divided into three dimensions: the subjective world and the objective world and the subjective world spread interactive world, demonstrates the infinite objective and rational knowledge, the limitation of knowledge is the origin of rational rational set up one of the bridges and knowledge. Third, haye thinks that freedom is the motive power of social development, and is the highest goal of society. The first is the freedom of thought and freedom of action, then on the basis of the self competition Freedom and competition from innovation is the premise of innovation. Innovation is the inevitable result of free competition, and it is the only way to win in free competition.
The second part, in Hayek view of human nature, the concept of knowledge, concept of freedom as the foundation, systematically discusses the Hayek competition thought. The first part discusses the Hayek competition theory of mainstream economics criticism, Hayek believes that competition from its essence, is a dynamic process, but the static analysis of the theory of perfect competition, barely known "competition", the conclusion can be used as a few policy guidance. Then described Hayek as the discovery and interaction of competition theory; then discusses Hayek for economic monopoly criticism; finally discusses Hayek on how to develop and maintain effective competition.
The third part, the main factors of the impact of China's market competition order, with Hayek competition theory as the starting point, how to form in our country and maintain effective competition, in the long run, mainly to do two aspects: on the one hand to promote the construction of moral environment of business competition. On the other hand to build a limited government the main function of the government, and will be defined in the rules of the game, the provision of public goods and social security, and the real maintenance information, open and transparent in three aspects.

【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F091.3

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