生态系统服务的条件价值评估：理论、方法与应用

发布时间：2018-01-03 23:09

本文关键词：生态系统服务的条件价值评估：理论、方法与应用　出处：《华东师范大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：自然资源与生态系统服务功能及其价值评价在全球范围内成为环境经济学和生态经济学的研究热点和焦点之一。直接市场技术是当前较多采用的生态系统服务价值评价方法,评价的价值内容也多局限于使用价值。自然资源与生态系统服务的非使用价值虽然在理论上得到了广泛的认定,但其价值评估工作未得到有效跟进。基于可持续发展角度,自然资源与生态系统服务的总经济价值评估具有重要的环境管理和决策意义,条件价值法是评价公共物品尤其是环境物品的非使用价值的标准方法之一,作为国际上应用最广泛的自然资源与生态系统服务的价值技术方法之一,条件价值法必须在国内引进并在实践过程中逐渐完善,这也是国内环境经济学领域的重要课题之一。本文回顾了近年来国际上关于生态系统服务价值评估的理论方法和实证研究,并对国内目前的区域生态系统服务价值评估研究作了重点探讨,总结了一些生态系统服务价值评估的现阶段特征,如偏重于使用直接市场技术,而模拟市场技术和假想市场技术(如条件价值法)较少应用,并提出了应用条件价值法评价生态系统服务的必要性。同时,对条件价值法的发展历史及其经济学原理、方法学原则、偏差分析、价值尺度不对称等理论方面的问题作了一定的总结和述评。在实证部分对条件价值法的具体应用过程和结论,以及一些理论问题的具体表现进行了一些较为深入的分析探讨。依托教育部高校博士点基金项目“上海高度城市化过程中的水面率控制及相关生态环境效应研究”(No.20020269014)和上海市河道管理处项目“上海生态城市建设过程中的内河水面率研究”,本文以全国河道综合整治的样板工程——上海浦东张家浜城市河流为例,在辨别城市河流提供的生态系统服务功能基础上,基于条件价值法(Contingent valuation method,CVM)评估理论对其生态系统服务进行货币化计量。于2002年发放支付卡CVM问卷129份,回收有效问卷113份;2003年8月委托上海市水务局河道管理处发放支付卡CVM问卷800份,回收有效问卷646份;2003年8月发放DC-CVM问卷640份,回收有效问卷507份。对研究对象生态系统服务的3次条件价值评估结论表明: (1)城市河流具有重要的生态系统服务价值。支付卡条件价值评估研究的支付意愿为RMB195.06/a户,二分式条件价值评估研究的支付意愿为RMB1289.06/a户。该城市河流的生态系统服务价值基本保持在RMB1.211×10~8/a(2002年价格),最高为RMB8.242×10~8/a(2003年价格);(2)生态系统服务的条件价值评估与区域社会经济水平和特征存在显著相关关系。对张家浜城市河流的不同条价值评估模式均表明,生态系统服务的支付意愿水平与研究区域的经济水平(收入)、教育水平(学历)、家庭人口、捐款经历、环境态度等变量具有显著的相关关系,这也是验证条件价值法结论的关键步骤;(3)生态系统服务的非使用价值得到了明显的认定。70%以上的非沿线居民具有支付意愿,对生态系统服务的存在价值表示了明显的环境偏好。基于实证研究数据,对CVM的一些理论和方法进行了初步的分析和讨论。就CVM问卷的设计和调查技术、数据分析技术、偏差分析与控制、模式差异、WTA/WTP不对称性,CVM可靠性和有效性的验证等技术性问题展开一系列较为详细的分析与讨论,相关研究结果表明:
[Abstract]:Evaluation of natural resources and ecosystem services and values become the environmental economics and ecological economics research focus and the focus of the worldwide market. Direct technology is the ecosystem services evaluation methods currently used, the value of content evaluation is limited to the use value of natural resources and ecosystem services. Although the non use value in theory, has been widely recognized, but its value assessment has not been effectively followed. Based on the sustainable development, natural resources and ecosystem services of the total economic value assessment has important significance for environmental management and decision-making, the contingent valuation method is the evaluation of public goods especially one of the standard methods of the non use value of environmental goods as one of the technical methods, the value of natural resources and ecosystem services, the most widely used internationally, conditional value method It must be introduced at home and gradually perfected in the process of practice, which is also one of the important topics in the field of domestic environmental economics.
This paper reviews the recent international assessment of ecosystem service value theory and empirical research methods, and Research on Evaluation of regional ecosystem service value at present in our country as the focus, summed up the current features of assessment of ecosystem service value, such as the emphasis on the use of direct market technology, simulation technology and virtual market the market of Technology (such as conditional value method) is rarely used, and put forward the necessity of the application of conditional value method of evaluation of ecosystem services. At the same time, the development history of the contingent valuation method and economics principle, principle, methodology of deviation analysis, value scale asymmetry theory problems summarized in the empirical and review. Some of the specific application process and the conclusion of conditional value method, the specific performance and some theoretical problems are some of the more in-depth analysis is discussed.
Relying on the Ministry of Education University Dr. foundation program and the related control effect of ecological environment in Shanghai city during the height of the water surface ratio "(No.20020269014) and the Management Office of Shanghai River project" Shanghai ecological city construction in the process of inland water rate research ", based on the comprehensive renovation of the river model project - Shanghai Pudong Zhangjiabang City River as an example, the ecosystem service function provides the basis in identifying the city rivers, based on contingent valuation method (Contingent valuation method, CVM) on the ecosystem service evaluation theory on currency measurement. On 2002 payment card CVM 129 questionnaires, 113 valid questionnaires in August 2003; commissioned by the Shanghai Municipal Water Affairs Bureau River Management Office issued a payment card CVM 800 questionnaires, 646 valid questionnaires; August 2003 DC-CVM issued 640 questionnaires, 507 valid questionnaires. The conclusions of the 3 conditions value assessment of the ecosystem services of the research object show that:
(1) the river city has important ecosystem service value. The willingness to pay of card of contingent valuation for the payment of RMB195.06/a, payment of the two contingent value assessment for RMB1289.06/a households. The city of river ecosystem service value remained at RMB1.211 * 10~8/a (prices in 2002), the highest is RMB8.242 * 10~8/a (the price in 2003); (2) there was a significant correlation between the contingent valuation of ecosystem services and regional economic level and social characteristics. Different value evaluation model of Zhangjiabang River City show that the level of willingness to pay and study of regional ecosystem services economic level (income), the level of Education (Education), family population, donation experience, environmental attitude variables have significant correlation, which is the key step of verification of CVM conclusion; (3) the non use value of ecosystem services It is worth noting that the non residents along the line over.70% have the willingness to pay, and the value of the existence of the ecosystem services is marked by an obvious environmental preference.
An empirical study based on the data of some theories and methods of CVM are also analyzed and discussed. The design and technology of CVM questionnaire survey, data analysis technology, analysis and control, deviation difference, WTA/WTP asymmetry, analyze and discuss a series of detailed CVM reliability and validity verification technology the results show that the related problems:

【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F062.2

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