政府干预经济机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-20 01:42

本文关键词： 政府权力干预经济市场失灵权力变异机制构建　出处：《湖南大学》2007年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 在体制转型时期,市场的自由发展必然要求淡化经济生活的计划成分和权力色彩,唯有政府职能转变与政府权力重构才能成就市场经济必需的自由。如何使我国政府在干预经济的过程中遵循市场经济的规律,有限有效地干预经济,使经济效益和社会效益提高,稳定经济秩序和社会秩序,实现真正的社会公平和公正,是法学界、经济学界、政治学界共同探讨的课题。经济法视域中的政府权力是由法律赋予的,政府凭借拥有的巨大的社会资源和自然资源在公共生产过程中,对一切公私企事业部门及国家各种行业进行直接间接的经营管理或进行宏观的调节控制的一种强制力和支配力。政府干预经济在应然层面具有独特性。其特性主要有:干预主体的主被动统一性、干预手段的诱导性、干预范围的合法性、干预性质的经济性、干预目的公益性。由于政府的权力对于公民的权利来说是从属、派生性的。在干预前和干预后的社会状态中,自由的份额并没有减少,自由并没有向干预者转移,只是通过干预重建了经济自由秩序,干预只能是这样一种自由秩序重建的法律理由,而不能是干预者掠夺被干预者权利的理由。但在经济生活中,完美而理想的市场机制是不可能存在的,由于市场机制的缺陷决定了政府干预的积极主动性。而政府是由个人组成的,拥有自己的利益追求,这又使得政府权力并不比市场更高明,应保持一定的距离,相对被动于市场的需要才进行干预。政府通过权力在干预经济过程中,由于其主被动一体性,在干预手段上,公法上的强制行为并不是政府干预经济的惟一选择,在有些情形下甚至不是政府干预经济的最优选择,干预手段反而以非强制性,诱导性手段为主。政府干预经济必须具有法律依据,政府的任何干预都应当在法定的职权范围内。政府干预经济旨在实现国家的社会经济职能,实现经济和社会的协调发展,它作用的对象是一定的社会经济生活。政府干预经济是与社会利益或曰社会公共利益联系在一起的,政府作为社会经济管理中心,为实现其社会经济职能,必须致力于社会利益的实现和增进,保障社会利益。通过干预,政府不应成为新的利益关系中的利益诉求者与索取者,干预必须是为了被干预者利益而进行的干预,而不是为了干预者利益而进行的干预。即干预必须超越市场利益关系,干预者是为了正义、公平而进行的干预,干预者不得从中牟取利益。政府干预经济的正当性、合理性、合法性是政府干预经济机制构建的基石。需要与共生的存在是政府干预经济的逻辑前提,市场失灵理论为政府干预经济找到了经济学的理论必然,政府权力与权利之间的辨证关系则是政府干预经济的法理渊源。世界范围内各国政府干预经济机制给我国政府干预经济机制提供了许多可资借鉴的经验。回顾我国政府通过权力干预经济的历史过程,出现了诸如政府行为的低效率、政府干预结果的不确定性、政府越权干预市场主体经济活动、地方贸易壁垒和地方保护、寻租与腐败的产生等变异现象。透过现象探寻这些变异现象背后的原因,主要在于市场经济本身的不完善、政治体制改革相对滞后、市场经济必备的法制不健全和落后的思想观念。其中目前我国房地产市场和股票市场中政府干预行为的现实实例说明完善政府干预经济机制构建的紧迫性和可行性。为了改变我国政府干预经济过程中的变异现象,完善中国政府干预经济机制势在必行。此机制应由政府干预经济的原则、政府干预经济过程中政府的定位、政府干预经济的内部行政机制及宪法制约机制四部分紧密联系,相互作用形成。其中原则是干预机制构建的坐标,只有在权力法制原则、效率提高原则、秩序稳定原则和社会公平原则的指导下,此机制的构建才符合整个社会发展的方向。因为只有在以权力法制原则为原点,才能保证市场经济朝着效率提高和秩序稳定的正向横坐标方向发展,同时只有在社会公平原则这一终极目标的正向纵坐标不断延伸的基础上才能使坐标上的任何一点的数值达到最大值。而政府定位是整个机制得以良性运转的关键,有限有效政府、民主政府、法治政府、责任政府和人道政府的五位一体的综合体的形成,使政府通过权力干预经济过程中的主体不会出现变异,使系统正常运转。而中央政府权力与地方政府权力框架的重构有如系统的润滑剂,在不更换整台机器设备的前提下,使机器的每个零部件更好的铆和。最后,宪法的经济干预尤如安全阀,是整个机制良性运行的保障。实践表明,宪法规定政府对经济的明确干预能够有力地推动社会经济的发展。
[Abstract]:During the transformation period, the free development of the market the inevitable requirement of economic life plan components and desalination power of color, only the transformation of government functions and government power reconstruction can achieve the necessary freedom of market economy. How to make our government to follow the market economy in the process of economic intervention of limited effective intervention in the economy, and make economic benefit social benefit, economic order and social order, to realize social fairness and justice, law, economics, political science circles to discuss the issue.
In the perspective of economic law and the power of the government is endowed by law, government by vast social resources and natural resources in the public in the process of production, operation and management directly or indirectly to all public and private enterprises and national industries or a force control macro and force of government intervention in the economy. There are unique in the "mask. Its characteristics are: the intervention of active and passive unity, induction of the intervention, the legitimacy of the scope of intervention, intervention in the economy of nature, the purpose of public welfare. Because government intervention power is subordinate to the rights of citizens is derived. In the pre intervention and the intervention in the social state, free share has not decreased, and no free transfer to the intervention, only through the intervention of rebuilding the order of economic freedom, intervention is only such a free order weight The legal reason to build, but not the intervention intervention plunder is right reason. But in the economic life, the perfect and ideal market mechanism is not possible, because of the defect of market mechanism determines the initiative of government intervention. The government is composed of individuals, has its own interests to pursue. This also makes the power of the government is not better than market, should maintain a certain distance, relatively passive in the market just need to intervene. The government through the power of intervention in the economy, because of the passive one, in the intervention, public law on compulsory behavior is not the only choice of government intervention in the economy, choice not even the best government intervention in the economy in some cases, interventions are mainly non mandatory, mainly induced by means of government intervention in the economy. Must have legal basis, any intervention should be in government The statutory scope of government intervention in the economy. In order to achieve national economic functions, realize the coordinated development of economy and society, it is the object of a certain social and economic life. Government intervention in the economy and social interests or social public interests linked to the government as an economic management center, to realize the social economy the functions must be committed to realize and promote social interests, safeguard the interests of society. Through the intervention, the government should not become new demands and interests of claimants, intervention is carried out in order to be intervention interests, not to intervene in the interest of the intervention must intervene. Go beyond the interests of market intervention, in order to justice, fair and the intervention, intervention may reap benefits.
The legitimacy of government intervention in the economy, rationality, legitimacy is the foundation for the construction of government intervention in the economy. The mechanism needs and symbiotic existence is the logical premise of the government intervention in the economy, the market failure theory for government intervention in the economy to find the economic theory bound, dialectical relationship between government power and rights is the legal origin of the government intervention in the economy in different countries around the world. The government intervention in the economy mechanism for China's government economic intervention mechanism provides many experiences.
Review of China's government through the historical process of power to intervene in the economy, the low efficiency of government behavior such as government intervention, the uncertainty of government intervention, market economic activities, regional trade barriers and local protection, rent-seeking and corruption and the generation of variation phenomenon. Through the phenomenon to explore the reasons behind these variation phenomenon, mainly in the market economy itself is not perfect, the reform of the political system lags behind the market economy, imperfect legal system and backward ideas. The current government as an example of China's real estate market and the stock market intervention that improve the feasibility and urgency of establishing the mechanism of government intervention in the economy.
In order to change the abnormal phenomenon of Chinese government intervention in the economy, it is imperative to perfect the mechanism of government intervention in the economy. China principle of this mechanism should be the government intervention in the economy, the government in the process of government intervention in the economy, government intervention in the economy the internal administrative mechanism and constitution about the mechanism four parts closely, the formation of interaction. The principle is to coordinate intervention mechanism, only in the power law principle, efficiency principle, stability principle and the principle of social justice under the guidance of this mechanism, Gou Jiancai meets the entire social development direction. Because only in the power law principle is the origin, in order to ensure the positive direction toward the abscissa of market economy to improve the efficiency and stability of the order the development, and only in the basis of the ultimate goal of social fairness extends on the positive y-axis to make any coordinate on the A numerical point reaches the maximum value. While the government positioning is the key to the benign operation mechanism, limited effective government, democratic government, legal government, responsible government and the formation of complex humanitarian five government, make the government intervention through the power of economic subject in the process does not appear to make variation, the normal operation of the system. And the reconstruction of the central the power of the government and the local government has the framework of power such as system lubricant, without replacement of the entire machine, the machine each parts better and riveting. Finally, the constitution of economic intervention as a safety valve, is to ensure the benign operation mechanism. Practice shows that the Constitution provides explicit government intervention in the economy to effectively promote the development of social economy.

【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F062.6

【引证文献】