公用事业改革的制度分析

发布时间：2018-01-20 08:27

本文关键词： 公用事业改革制度分析　出处：《福州大学》2005年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：20世纪70年代以来,各国都面临一个共同的情况:一方面是政府财政预算与日俱增,政府提供服务的低效率和垄断性;另一方面是随着公众参与意识的提高,公众又不允许政府放弃过多的公共服务,提高公共服务的数量和质量。因此,减少政府直接干预,引入市场机制,实施公共服务民营化逐渐提上议事日程。我国计划经济体制下的公共物品提供的显著特征就是公用事业领域垄断、公共服务供给的低效率、公共部门官僚作风严重、经费不足、改革缺乏应有的广度、深度和力度、“官本位”思想普遍存在、行政审批制度繁琐、价格问题、缺乏有效的监管制度,严重束缚我国当前市场经济下公共服务的供给。为了提高公用事业部门的效率和效益,市场化是公用事业发展的必然趋势。公用事业的市场化主要针对市政公用产品和服务价格机制僵硬,政府、企业、消费者之间缺乏互动机制等观念,将国有、公营的公用事业的所有权或经营权转移到民间,引入真正的市场机制。立足于当前我国公用事业部门存在的主要问题,本文对公用事业进行了重新的探讨和范围界定,针对传统城市市政公共事业提供单一的政府制度安排,在“经济人”假说、制度均衡与变迁理论和“多中心”理论的基础上,以制度分析的角度阐释了部分公共服务的物品属性、公共服务的提供者和生产者与“经济人”、公用事业改革与制度变迁、公用事业改革与市场竞争、公用事业改革与政府干预之间的关系,最后提出“多中心”的公用事业制度安排——市场、政府和社会中介组织相结合的复合制度安排。公用事业改革并没有固定的模式,采取什么样的服务提供机制取决于具体公共服务的特点以及各地区的实际情况。在文章的最后提出了几点关于公用事业改革的建议和对策:公用事业的治理模式、投资主体多元化、特许经营制度、监管制度和法律框架。
[Abstract]:Since 1970s, all countries have been faced with a common situation: on the one hand, the government budget is increasing day by day, and the service provided by the government is inefficient and monopoly; On the other hand, with the improvement of public participation awareness, the public does not allow the government to give up too much public services, improve the quantity and quality of public services. The implementation of privatization of public services is gradually put on the agenda. Under the planned economy system in China, the obvious characteristics of the provision of public goods is the monopoly in the field of public utilities, the low efficiency of the supply of public services. The public sector bureaucracy is serious, the fund is insufficient, the reform lacks the proper breadth, the depth and the strength, the "official standard" thought widespread existence, the administrative examination and approval system is cumbersome, the price question, lacks the effective supervisory system. In order to improve the efficiency and benefit of public utilities, marketization is the inevitable trend of the development of public utilities. The marketization of public utilities mainly aims at the rigid price mechanism of municipal public goods and services, the lack of interactive mechanism among the government, enterprises and consumers, and so on. The ownership or management of public utilities has been transferred to the private sector, and a real market mechanism has been introduced, which is based on the main problems existing in the public utility sector in our country. This article has carried on the new discussion and the scope definition to the public utility, aimed at the traditional city municipal public utility to provide the single government system arrangement, in "the economic person" hypothesis. On the basis of the theory of institutional equilibrium and transition and the theory of "multi-center", this paper explains the properties of some public services, the providers and producers of public services and the "economic man" from the perspective of institutional analysis. Public utility reform and institutional change, public utility reform and market competition, the relationship between public utility reform and government intervention, finally put forward the "multi-center" public utility institutional arrangement-market. The government and the social intermediary organization combine the compound system arrangement. The public utility reform does not have the fixed pattern. The service delivery mechanism depends on the characteristics of specific public services and the actual situation in various regions. At the end of the article, several suggestions and countermeasures on the reform of public utilities are put forward:. The governance mode of public utilities. Diversification of investment subjects, franchise system, regulatory system and legal framework.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2005
【分类号】：F062.6

【相似文献】