计划经济的技术和市场经济的价值

发布时间：2018-02-04 15:31

本文关键词： 计划经济技术市场经济价值　出处：《学术月刊》2012年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：计划经济在传统政治经济学理论中有其特定的价值含义,但由于这一体制的人性假设过于高远,具有理想化的特点,实际支撑这一体制的经济理论大部分属于数量测算和技术控制,是价值的技术化、工具化。把人作为技术的对象、达到某种目的的手段,体现了计划经济的价值缺失。正是在审视和思考计划经济缺陷的过程中,人们不断丰富和深化着对市场经济内在价值的认识:由于以人类关心自身利益的本性为基本假设,因此,以自由竞争为特征的市场经济符合真的价值要求;由于认识到人类的知识是分散的,有限的,只有通过自然扩展的交易、合作等途径才能使各种资源禀赋得到配置优化和不断改进,所以市场经济符合善的价值要求;由于我们生活的世界无时不在变化,充满不确定性,只有多样性、独立性以及责任权益对等才能把社会经济的风险控制在局部和阶段的范围内,避免人类走上整体危机的歧途,所以市场经济符合美的价值要求。从知识论的角度看,计划经济的前提是人类能够掌握社会经济运行的全部规律,而市场经济则隐含人类认知的有限性,进而把经济发展视为一个不断发现知识、不断完善制度的过程。显然,后者更有益于人类的生存和发展。
[Abstract]:The planned economy has its special value meaning in the traditional political economy theory, but because the human nature assumption of this system is too high, it has the characteristic of idealization. The economic theory which actually supports this system mostly belongs to the quantity calculation and the technical control, is the value technology, the tool. Regards the human as the technology object, achieves the certain end means. It is in the process of examining and thinking about the defects of planned economy. People are constantly enriching and deepening the understanding of the intrinsic value of market economy: because the nature of human being concerned about their own interests is the basic hypothesis, the market economy characterized by free competition accords with the real value requirement; Because it is recognized that human knowledge is dispersed and limited, only through the natural expansion of transactions, cooperation and other ways to optimize the allocation and continuous improvement of various resource endowments. So the market economy accords with the value requirement of good; Because the world we live in is constantly changing and full of uncertainty, only diversity, independence and reciprocity of responsibilities and interests can control socio-economic risks in a localized and phased manner. Therefore, the market economy meets the value requirements of beauty. From the perspective of knowledge theory, the premise of planned economy is that human beings can master all the laws of social and economic operation. The market economy implies the limitation of human cognition, and then regards the economic development as a process of discovering knowledge and perfecting the system. Obviously, the latter is more beneficial to the survival and development of human beings.
【作者单位】：上海社会科学院经济研究所;
【分类号】：F035.4
【正文快照】： 计划和市场是人类社会迄今为止的两大经济体制类别。古今中外不存在纯粹的计划经济或市场经济,判断一个国家实行何种经济主要依据该经济体中占主导地位的体制类别。在观念中,计划体制作为理想社会的经济方式常常被赋予特殊价值,市场机制则因追求财富增长往往只被视为满足效用

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