后发优势与后发国家发展路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-15 02:43

本文选题：后发优势 + 先发优势　；参考：《辽宁大学》2006年博士论文

【摘要】： 纵观世界经济史,各国你追我赶的现象比比皆是。14世纪,欧洲从最低点崛起并赶上中国;19世纪初,英国赶超荷兰,成为世界上第一个实现工业化的国家;比英国起步晚一百多年的美国,19世纪末20世纪初替代英国登上了世界工业第一强国的宝座;日本在德川幕府时代赶上中国,在经过两次世界大战的洗劫后,短短20年便又赶上德国等先进的资本主义集团,成为第二大经济强国;20世纪60年代后,复兴的亚洲(包括亚洲“四小龙”、中国、印度以及东盟等国家)大大缩小了与先发国家的差距,成为最有希望的后发国家……可见落后的国家不等于永远落后,后来居上的事例在历史的舞台上不断的上演着。但是,这个世界上还有另外一组国家(共有168个国家,大约占世界人口的1/3),它们从1950—1973年黄金时代以来经济正在不断趋于恶化①。在过去的1/4个世纪里,非洲人均水平完全停滞不前;拉丁美洲和许多亚洲国家的收入增长也是“步履蹒跚”,不但未能缩短与发达国家的差距,反而这一差距正在逐步扩大,在全球化中有被“边缘化”的趋势。综合看来,后发国家经济发展的趋势无外乎两种:一是通过发挥后发优势加速经济发展,缩短与先发国家的差距,实现经济追赶;二是由于后发劣势的束缚使得经济发展陷入停滞甚至逆转,与先发国家的差距进一步扩大。因此,可以肯定的结论有两点:一是后发优势是客观存在的;二是后发优势的实现是有条件的。本论文的研究目的就在于试图深入到纷繁的表象背后,揭示出后发国家后来居上的基础和内在机理,探索不同历史时期后发优势的运行规律。为什么当今多数后发国家与先发国家间的贫富差距越拉越大,而少数后发国家却能够异军突起,快速步入先发国家行列?这些少数国家的经验究竟如何去认识和总结?是否具有推广的价值?本文试图探索出后发国家的最优发展路径,对后发国家的经济发展具有一定的现实指导意义。本论文大致分五部分进行论述。第一章为后发优势理论综述,回顾了后发优势理论的发展脉络,提出了目前国内外后发优势理论研究当中的一些不足之处,为本论文的研究指明了方向。第二章是后发优势的理论假说部分。首先,根据后发优势的内涵及特性,建构了“后发优势——先发优势”三阶段
[Abstract]:Throughout the world economic history, the phenomenon of countries chasing each other is everywhere. In the 14th century, Europe rose from the lowest point and caught up with China. At the beginning of the 19th century, Britain overtook the Netherlands and became the first country in the world to realize industrialization. More than 100 years after Britain started, the United States replaced Britain as the world's largest industrial power in the late 19th century and the early 20th century; Japan caught up with China during the Tokugawa shogunate, and after two world wars of looting, In just 20 years, they caught up with advanced capitalist groups such as Germany and became the second largest economic power in the 1960s. After the 1960s, Asia (including the "four Little Dragons" of Asia, China, India and other countries such as ASEAN) have narrowed the gap with first-mover countries and become the most promising latecomers. It can be seen that backward countries are not always backward. But there is another group of countries in the world (168 countries, about a third of the world's population) whose economies have been deteriorating since the golden age of 1950-1973. In the last quarter of a century, Africa's per capita level has stagnated completely, and income growth in Latin America and many Asian countries has been "faltering", not only to narrow the gap with the developed world, but to gradually widen it. There is a tendency to be "marginalized" in globalization. To sum up, there are no more than two trends of economic development in latecomer countries: one is to accelerate the economic development by exerting the advantages of latecomer, to shorten the gap between the developed countries and the first-developed countries, and to realize economic catch-up; The other is that the economic development is stalled or even reversed due to the restraint of the late inferiority, and the gap with the preemptive countries is further enlarged. Therefore, there are two certain conclusions: one is that the advantage of late development is objective, the other is that the realization of advantage of late development is conditional. The purpose of this paper is to try to go deep into the complicated appearance, to reveal the foundation and internal mechanism of the latecomer country, and to explore the running law of the late-development advantage in different historical periods. Why is it that the gap between the rich and the poor between most latecomers and first-mover countries is widening, while a few latecomers are able to jump into the ranks of first-mover countries? How can the experiences of these few countries be understood and summarized? Is it worth promoting? This paper attempts to explore the optimal development path of the latecomer country, which has certain practical guiding significance for the economic development of the latecomer country. This paper is divided into five parts. The first chapter is a review of the theory of late advantage, reviews the development of the theory of late advantage, puts forward some deficiencies in the research of the theory of late advantage at home and abroad, and points out the direction of the research in this paper. The second chapter is the theoretical hypothesis of late-development advantage. First of all, according to the connotation and characteristics of the late-development advantage, the paper constructs three stages of "late-development advantage-first-mover advantage".
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：F061.3

【引证文献】