分工、交易和市场化

发布时间：2018-09-15 06:22

【摘要】：本文考察了分工、交易与市场化的历史发展,概括了其在现实中的三种形态:全球企业、产业集群和传统产业的现代化,据以提出了两个需要进一步反思和探讨的理论问题:一是我们要建立什么样的市场经济?作者认为,中国确立了社会主义市场经济体制的目标,并取得了市场化改革的很大进展,但对于什么是市场和市场经济则有着不同看法和选择。国内主流观点一直把市场和市场经济看作是一种资源配置机制,而不是一种基本经济制度,所谓经济改革就是要用资源的市场配置代替计划配置。相对于在计划经济中引入市场机制,这无疑是一个重大突破和重大进步,但仍然没有揭示市场和市场经济的本质。与此相适应,在改革实践中把市场和市场经济当作一种工具、一种手段和一种方法,是典型的市场经济工具论,它造成了市场化改革的扭曲。市场不仅是交易的场所,而且是交易的关系,同时也是交易的规则和制度。市场经济是一种基本经济形态,它有自己的法权体系、制度规则、道德基础和人文关怀。因此,市场和市场经济不仅是资源配置方式,而且首先是界定和保护产权的规则。二是为什么说现代化是市场化?文章辨析了现代化是工业化、西方化、资本主义化和市场化四个假设和命题,明确指出,把市场化仅仅看作是技术的现代化,会走上市场经济工具论的道路;把市场化理解为脱离技术和制度基础的民主化,也是一种简单的空想。既然市场和市场经济有自己的一套法律体系、制度规则、道德基础和文化理念,那么,市场化就意味着按照这样的思想理念建立、形成和实施相应的法权体系、制度规则和道德习俗。既然分工和交易是社会经济活动曲线的纵坐标和横坐标,那么,市场化就意味着全部社会经济生活的深刻质变和跃迁。从这个意义上来说,把现代化界定为市场化是恰当的。
[Abstract]:This paper examines the historical development of division of labor, trade and marketization, and summarizes its three forms in reality: global enterprises, industrial clusters and modernization of traditional industries. On the basis of this, two theoretical questions need further reflection and discussion: first, what kind of market economy should we establish? The author holds that China has established the goal of socialist market economic system, and has made great progress in the reform of market economy, but it has different views and choices on what is market and market economy. Market and market economy have been regarded as a resource allocation mechanism rather than a basic economic system. The so-called economic reform is to replace the planned allocation with the market allocation of resources. Compared with the introduction of market mechanism in the planned economy, this is undoubtedly a major breakthrough and significant progress, but still has not revealed the nature of the market and market economy. In accordance with this, the market and market economy are regarded as a tool, a means and a method in the reform practice, which is a typical tool theory of the market economy, which causes the distortion of the market-oriented reform. The market is not only the place to trade, but also the trading rules and regulations. Market economy is a basic economic form, it has its own legal system, institutional rules, moral basis and humanistic care. Therefore, market and market economy are not only the way of resource allocation, but also the rules of defining and protecting property right. Second, why should modernization be market-oriented? This paper analyzes the four hypotheses and propositions that modernization is industrialization, westernization, capitalization and marketization. It is also a simple utopian to interpret marketization as a democratization without the foundation of technology and system. Since the market and market economy have their own set of legal systems, institutional rules, moral bases and cultural concepts, marketization means establishing, forming and implementing a corresponding legal system in accordance with such ideological ideas. Institutional rules and moral customs Since division of labor and trade are the vertical and horizontal coordinates of the social and economic activity curve, marketization means the profound qualitative change and transition of the whole social and economic life. In this sense, it is appropriate to define modernization as marketization.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院经济研究所;中国社会科学院研究生院;
【分类号】：F091.3;F123.9

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