论货币与经济发展的关系
发布时间：2018-09-18 10:09
【摘要】： 金融业与现代经济间的关系越来越密切，其作用越来越重要，已经成为不争的事实。发生在上世纪30年代的西方经济大萧条，使经济界逐渐地认识到了金融波动在经济波动中的决定性作用；至于1997年发生在亚洲的经济危机，人们就直接地称其为亚洲金融危机了。 为什么金融在经济中会有如此重要的地位呢? 其根本原因在于金融中的货币问题。货币是金融业的经营或者说运作的核心内容。正是由于货币与经济发展间的密切关系及其对经济运行影响作用的日趋重大，才使得它的主要代表领域——金融业有这样的地位。 本文第一章从推动经济发展的根本原因入手分析货币与这一根本原因之间的关系。第一节，，探讨经济发展的根本原因——分工这一问题；第二节，探讨货币与这一根本原因相联系的纽带——交换这一问题，强调交换对分工影响的重要性；第三节，则分析货币与交换间的关系，以强调货币对于交换的重要性。这一章的结论是：分工是经济发展的根本原因之一，交换则是能使分工体系变得有效率的联系方式，而货币不仅是交换发挥其效力的基本保证，还可以使之变得“无所不能”。 货币的产生源自于交换，货币的发展变化也是顺应商品交换的发展变化的。而货币的演变本身对商品交换活动乃至经济的发展也会产生影响。本文第二章具体分析了货币发展与商品交换发展间的关系，进一步探究货币演变对经济发展的影响。 这一章寻着货币演变这条线索将货币的发展分为早期商品货币、金属货币、信用货币三大阶段，以金属货币的最高阶段——金本位与信用货币间的连接点为界线，将连接点以前的货币定义为商品货币，将其后的货币定义为非商品货币。 将货币的发展与相应时期的商品经济的发展相对照研究，本文得出了第二章中的一些结论，其中最重要的两个是：一、货币发展的早期，其主要矛盾是解决交换的便利问题，货币因此由多种商品演变为单一的金属，进而又由称量方式发展为铸造形式，以及由贵金属排斥掉贱金属。而随着商品交易规模的不断扩大，货币发展的主要矛盾就变成了如何能从数量上满足不断扩大的商品交易的需求。这种矛盾的激化则最终导致货币由金属货币(商品货币)转变为信用货币(非商品货币)。二、货币由商品货币向非商品货币的转型导致了人类历史上影响最大的一次经济危机——20世纪30年代“大萧条”。这一结论的主要思路是：经济发展对货币数量的需求与金属货币数量有限之间的矛盾，促使货币自发地由商品货币向非商品货币转变，即形成了以银行为创造机构的信用货币。但是，信用货币体系的这种自发性所导致的不成熟性，致使其在20世纪30年代发生了全面的崩溃，从而使庞大的完全以货币为交换媒介的分工体系在短期内面临停止运转的危机。 对于第二个结论，本文使用了二节篇幅加以论述，其原因在于：对于30年代的经济危机，经济学界早已存在凯恩斯主义以有效需求理论为基础的权威解释，并且相应地提出了行之有效的宏观经济政策。更为重要的是凯恩斯主义凭借其政策主张的有效性，彻底否定了原本指导市场经济发展的基本思想——自由放任，使经济思想进入了宏观调控时代。而我们则着重对“有效需求不足”的货币实质以及宏观经济政策有效性的货币实质进行剖析，最终的目的在于说明自由竞争始终都应是指导市场经济发展的基本思想，宏观经济政策调控的实质在于稳定信用货币。 本文的后半部分，主要讨论我国的货币对我国经济发展的影响。即第三章的古代部分和第四章的现代部分(改革开放以后)。 贱金属较贵金属不利于商品经济的发展，以及随着商品交易规模的不断扩大，货币发展的主要矛盾变成了如何能从数量上满足不断扩大的商品交易的需求，是第二章的结论，也是构建第三章内容的基本线索。第三章中探讨的议题是：为什么我国的经济发展在15世纪以后会逐渐落后于西方?为什么资本主义商品经济在西方国家得到了迅速发展，而在我国却迟滞了几百年?来自货币方面的因素是否对这种差异的产生有重要的影响? 第三章分析的是我国古代货币对经济发展的影响。这个“古代”所选择的时间段主要是我国的唐、宋时期。因为这一时期是我国最有可能发展起发达的商品经济，从而使经济的发展不致落后于西方的时期。这一章最后增加的一节，专题且尝试地分析了我国古代以贱金属为主要货币的原因。 第三章的分析所得出的主要结论是：以贱金属货币为主要货币是造成我国古代商品经济发展滞后的重要原因。不仅仅因为贱金属货币较之于贵金属货币明显不利于商品交换的发展，更为重要的是，使用贱金属货币从货币数量上阻碍了商品交易规模的扩大。为了较为清晰地说明这一点，我们还引入了交易方程式MV=PT。 第四章探讨改革开放以后，我国的货币对我国经济发展的影响。在这一章的开始部分，以第二章的分析结论为基础对信用货币与经济发展的关系进行了详细论述。通过对凯恩斯主义理论的基本假设进行针对性的否定，力图说明宏观经济政策(财政政策、货币政策)的有效性并不在于其对经济运行本身的干预。信用货币时期，货币与经济关系的实质是政府与经济的关系，而宏观经济政策能否有效地稳定经济的运行，则在于其能否有效地维护信用货币的稳定性。这一结论是第四章中对我国货币与经济发展关系进行分析的基本理论依据。 从货币的角度出发，本文将我国改革开放后的经济发展分为前后两个阶段：通货膨胀时期(1979-1995年)和通货紧缩时期(1997-2002年)。对这两个时期情况的分析构成了第四章的后两个部分。
[Abstract]:It has become an indisputable fact that the relationship between the financial industry and the modern economy is becoming closer and closer. The Great Depression in the 1930s in the West made the economic circles gradually realize the decisive role of financial fluctuation in economic fluctuation. As for the economic crisis in Asia in 1997, people directly affected it. It is called the Asian financial crisis.
Why is finance so important in the economy?
It is precisely because of the close relationship between money and economic development and its increasingly important impact on economic operation that the financial sector, the main representative area, has such a position.
The first chapter analyzes the relationship between money and this fundamental cause of economic development from the fundamental cause of promoting economic development. The first section discusses the fundamental cause of economic development - division of labor; the second section discusses the link between money and this fundamental cause - exchange, emphasizing the importance of exchange on division of labor. The third section analyzes the relationship between money and exchange to emphasize the importance of money for exchange. The conclusion of this chapter is that division of labor is one of the fundamental reasons for economic development, exchange is the way to make the division of labor more efficient, and money is not only the basic guarantee for exchange to play its role, but also can make it become. Omnipotent.
Money originates from exchange, and the development and change of money also conform to the development and change of commodity exchange. The evolution of money itself will also have an impact on commodity exchange activities and even on economic development. Influence.
This chapter divides the development of money into three stages: early commodity money, metal money and credit money. Taking the highest stage of metal money-the connection point between gold standard and credit money as the boundary, the paper defines the money before the connection point as commodity money, and defines the money after it as non-commodity money.
By comparing the development of money with the development of commodity economy in the corresponding period, this paper draws some conclusions in the second chapter. The two most important conclusions are as follows: 1. In the early period of the development of money, the main contradiction was to solve the problem of convenience of exchange, so money changed from a variety of commodities to a single metal, and then it was issued by weighing method. As the scale of commodity transactions expands, the main contradiction in monetary development becomes how to meet the ever-expanding demand for commodity transactions quantitatively. The intensification of this contradiction eventually leads to the conversion of money from metal money (commodity money) to credit money (non-commodity money). Second, the transformation of money from commodity to non-commodity has led to the greatest economic crisis in human history - the Great Depression of the 1930s. The main idea of this conclusion is: the contradiction between the demand for money in economic development and the limited quantity of metal money, which makes money spontaneously free. The change from commodity money to non-commodity money means the formation of credit money with banks as its creative institutions. However, the immaturity caused by the spontaneity of the credit and monetary system led to its complete collapse in the 1930s, which made the huge division of labor with money as its medium of exchange face a halt in the short term. The crisis of operation.
For the second conclusion, this paper uses two sections to discuss, the reason is: for the economic crisis of the 1930s, Keynesian authoritative interpretation based on effective demand theory already exists, and correspondingly put forward effective macroeconomic policies. The validity of the policy completely negates the basic idea of guiding the development of the market economy-laissez-faire, which has brought the economic thought into the era of macro-control. We focus on the analysis of the monetary essence of "insufficient effective demand" and the monetary essence of the effectiveness of macro-economic policies, with the ultimate aim of illustrating freedom. Competition should always be the basic idea guiding the development of market economy. The essence of macroeconomic policy control is to stabilize credit currency.
In the latter part of this paper, we mainly discuss the influence of our currency on our economic development, that is, the ancient part of the third chapter and the modern part of the fourth chapter (after the reform and opening up).
Base metals and precious metals are not conducive to the development of commodity economy, and with the expansion of commodity trading scale, the main contradiction of monetary development has become how to meet the expanding demand for commodity trading in quantity, which is the conclusion of the second chapter and the basic clue to construct the content of the third chapter. What is China's economic development after the 15th century will gradually lag behind the West? Why capitalist commodity economy in the West has been developing rapidly, but in China has been lagging behind for hundreds of years? Does the monetary factor have an important impact on this difference?
The third chapter analyzes the influence of the ancient money on the economic development of our country.The period of this "ancient" period is mainly the Tang and Song Dynasties in our country.Because this period is the most possible period for our country to develop the developed commodity economy, so that the economic development will not lag behind the western period. And try to analyze the reason why China used cheap metal as the main currency in ancient times.
The main conclusion of the third chapter is that using base metal currency as the main currency is the important reason for the lag of the development of ancient commodity economy in China. To illustrate this clearly, we also introduce the trade equation MV = PT.
Chapter Four discusses the impact of China's currency on China's economic development after the reform and opening up. At the beginning of this chapter, the relationship between credit money and economic development is discussed in detail on the basis of the conclusions of Chapter Two. The validity of a policy (fiscal policy, monetary policy) does not lie in its intervention in the economic operation itself. In the period of credit money, the essence of the relationship between money and economy is the relationship between the government and the economy. Whether macroeconomic policies can effectively stabilize the economic operation depends on whether they can effectively maintain the stability of credit money. The fourth chapter is the basic theoretical basis for the analysis of the relationship between monetary and economic development in China.
From the monetary point of view, this paper divides China's economic development after reform and opening up into two stages: the period of inflation (1979-1995) and the period of deflation (1997-2002).
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F820;F061.3
本文编号：2247576
[Abstract]:It has become an indisputable fact that the relationship between the financial industry and the modern economy is becoming closer and closer. The Great Depression in the 1930s in the West made the economic circles gradually realize the decisive role of financial fluctuation in economic fluctuation. As for the economic crisis in Asia in 1997, people directly affected it. It is called the Asian financial crisis.
Why is finance so important in the economy?
It is precisely because of the close relationship between money and economic development and its increasingly important impact on economic operation that the financial sector, the main representative area, has such a position.
The first chapter analyzes the relationship between money and this fundamental cause of economic development from the fundamental cause of promoting economic development. The first section discusses the fundamental cause of economic development - division of labor; the second section discusses the link between money and this fundamental cause - exchange, emphasizing the importance of exchange on division of labor. The third section analyzes the relationship between money and exchange to emphasize the importance of money for exchange. The conclusion of this chapter is that division of labor is one of the fundamental reasons for economic development, exchange is the way to make the division of labor more efficient, and money is not only the basic guarantee for exchange to play its role, but also can make it become. Omnipotent.
Money originates from exchange, and the development and change of money also conform to the development and change of commodity exchange. The evolution of money itself will also have an impact on commodity exchange activities and even on economic development. Influence.
This chapter divides the development of money into three stages: early commodity money, metal money and credit money. Taking the highest stage of metal money-the connection point between gold standard and credit money as the boundary, the paper defines the money before the connection point as commodity money, and defines the money after it as non-commodity money.
By comparing the development of money with the development of commodity economy in the corresponding period, this paper draws some conclusions in the second chapter. The two most important conclusions are as follows: 1. In the early period of the development of money, the main contradiction was to solve the problem of convenience of exchange, so money changed from a variety of commodities to a single metal, and then it was issued by weighing method. As the scale of commodity transactions expands, the main contradiction in monetary development becomes how to meet the ever-expanding demand for commodity transactions quantitatively. The intensification of this contradiction eventually leads to the conversion of money from metal money (commodity money) to credit money (non-commodity money). Second, the transformation of money from commodity to non-commodity has led to the greatest economic crisis in human history - the Great Depression of the 1930s. The main idea of this conclusion is: the contradiction between the demand for money in economic development and the limited quantity of metal money, which makes money spontaneously free. The change from commodity money to non-commodity money means the formation of credit money with banks as its creative institutions. However, the immaturity caused by the spontaneity of the credit and monetary system led to its complete collapse in the 1930s, which made the huge division of labor with money as its medium of exchange face a halt in the short term. The crisis of operation.
For the second conclusion, this paper uses two sections to discuss, the reason is: for the economic crisis of the 1930s, Keynesian authoritative interpretation based on effective demand theory already exists, and correspondingly put forward effective macroeconomic policies. The validity of the policy completely negates the basic idea of guiding the development of the market economy-laissez-faire, which has brought the economic thought into the era of macro-control. We focus on the analysis of the monetary essence of "insufficient effective demand" and the monetary essence of the effectiveness of macro-economic policies, with the ultimate aim of illustrating freedom. Competition should always be the basic idea guiding the development of market economy. The essence of macroeconomic policy control is to stabilize credit currency.
In the latter part of this paper, we mainly discuss the influence of our currency on our economic development, that is, the ancient part of the third chapter and the modern part of the fourth chapter (after the reform and opening up).
Base metals and precious metals are not conducive to the development of commodity economy, and with the expansion of commodity trading scale, the main contradiction of monetary development has become how to meet the expanding demand for commodity trading in quantity, which is the conclusion of the second chapter and the basic clue to construct the content of the third chapter. What is China's economic development after the 15th century will gradually lag behind the West? Why capitalist commodity economy in the West has been developing rapidly, but in China has been lagging behind for hundreds of years? Does the monetary factor have an important impact on this difference?
The third chapter analyzes the influence of the ancient money on the economic development of our country.The period of this "ancient" period is mainly the Tang and Song Dynasties in our country.Because this period is the most possible period for our country to develop the developed commodity economy, so that the economic development will not lag behind the western period. And try to analyze the reason why China used cheap metal as the main currency in ancient times.
The main conclusion of the third chapter is that using base metal currency as the main currency is the important reason for the lag of the development of ancient commodity economy in China. To illustrate this clearly, we also introduce the trade equation MV = PT.
Chapter Four discusses the impact of China's currency on China's economic development after the reform and opening up. At the beginning of this chapter, the relationship between credit money and economic development is discussed in detail on the basis of the conclusions of Chapter Two. The validity of a policy (fiscal policy, monetary policy) does not lie in its intervention in the economic operation itself. In the period of credit money, the essence of the relationship between money and economy is the relationship between the government and the economy. Whether macroeconomic policies can effectively stabilize the economic operation depends on whether they can effectively maintain the stability of credit money. The fourth chapter is the basic theoretical basis for the analysis of the relationship between monetary and economic development in China.
From the monetary point of view, this paper divides China's economic development after reform and opening up into two stages: the period of inflation (1979-1995) and the period of deflation (1997-2002).
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：F820;F061.3
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前2条
1 赵领娣;董淑静;;基于博弈论视角下的货币契约形式研究[J];金融发展研究;2012年04期
2 肖明名;;国家干预主义和经济自由主义的演进及启示[J];现代商贸工业;2011年07期
本文编号：2247576
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