政府与企业权力差异之比较
发布时间：2018-10-05 21:27
【摘要】： 政府和企业分别是政治和经济两个不同领域中最具代表性和影响力的两大组织,其在权力的获取、权力的配置、权力运行以及与对权力的制约与监督等几个方面都存在一定的差异。分析和比较这种差异,不仅对深入探讨组织管理有重要指导意义,而且对我国公共管理的理论和实践也具有重要的启迪意义。 基于上述原因,本文在对政府与企业权力的获取、配置、运行、制约与监督等几个环节进行全面分析的基础上,对其中的差异进行了比较分析: 第一,从权力的获取来看,政府权力来源于人民的委托,而企业权力来源于企业对产权的控制。其差别包括:从权力形成的目的来看,政府权力的形成是出于维护公共利益的需要,因而具有公共性和强制性;而企业权力的形成是为了保证和实现每一个参与企业的要素所有者的权利或利益。从权力获取的基础来看,政府权力的暴力后盾的是企业所不具备的;政府控制的的资源是企业无法企及的;政府的组织化程度也是远超过企业的。从权力的获取方式来看,政府可以通过暴力夺取、继承、选举等形式获得权力,而企业主要是通过控制产权以及政府授权来取得权力。 第二,从权力的配置来看,政府和企业在权力的横向配置、纵向配置以及结构的稳定性等方面都存在差异:从横向配置看,政府为了防止权力的集中,更倾向于对权力进行分割,而企业为了实现对效率的追求,会让权力向管理者集中;从纵向配置看,政府的权力的广延性以及纵向结构的复杂程度远超过企业;从权力结构的稳定性来看,由于所处环境的不同,政府的权力结构要比企业稳定。 第三,从权力的运行来看,政府和企业权力的整个委托代理运行过程上存在着一定差异,主要表现在初始委托人、委托代理的层级、目标多元化程度以及委托代理的强制性等几个方面。另外,权力的实施过程中,决策和执行两个环节也存在一定差异。 第四,从对权力的制约和监督来看,政府权力运行要严格受到法律法规制约,缺乏法律的授权则不敢行动,但企业只要法律未明文禁止的皆可行动。同时,政府权力运行要接受公众的监督。此外,对政府权力进行监督的成本和难度要远比企业大的多。 最后,文章在对政府和企业权力的差异进行了总结,并进一步指出了政府和企业权力在运行中需要相互借鉴之处以及需要注意的问题。
[Abstract]:Government and enterprises are the two most representative and influential organizations in two different fields of politics and economy. There are some differences between the operation of power and the restriction and supervision of power. The analysis and comparison of these differences are not only of great significance to the discussion of organizational management, but also to the theory and practice of public management in China. Based on the above reasons, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between government and enterprise power acquisition, allocation, operation, restriction and supervision on the basis of comprehensive analysis: first, From the point of view of power acquisition, government power comes from people's entrustment, and enterprise power comes from enterprise's control of property right. The differences include: from the purpose of the formation of power, the formation of government power is out of the need to safeguard public interests, so it has publicity and compulsion; The formation of enterprise power is to ensure and realize the rights or interests of each participating factor owner. On the basis of power acquisition, the violent backing of government power is not possessed by enterprises; the resources controlled by government are beyond the reach of enterprises; and the degree of organization of government is far more than that of enterprises. From the way of power acquisition, the government can obtain power by means of violence, inheritance, election and so on, while enterprises obtain power mainly by controlling property rights and government authorization. Second, from the perspective of power allocation, there are differences between government and enterprises in the horizontal allocation, vertical allocation and structural stability of power: from the perspective of horizontal allocation, the government in order to prevent the concentration of power, In order to achieve the pursuit of efficiency, enterprises tend to concentrate the power to managers, and from the perspective of vertical allocation, the extensiveness of government power and the complexity of vertical structure are far greater than those of enterprises. According to the stability of power structure, the power structure of government is more stable than enterprise because of the different environment. Third, from the point of view of the operation of power, there are some differences in the whole process of principal-agent operation between government and enterprise power, mainly manifested in the initial principal, the level of principal-agent, The degree of diversification of objectives and the mandatory of agency and other aspects. In addition, there are some differences between decision-making and execution in the process of power implementation. Fourth, from the point of view of power restriction and supervision, the operation of government power should be strictly restricted by laws and regulations, but enterprises can act as long as they are not explicitly prohibited by law. At the same time, the operation of government power must be subject to public supervision. In addition, the cost and difficulty of supervising government power is much greater than that of enterprises. Finally, the paper summarizes the differences between government power and enterprise power, and further points out the need to learn from each other in the operation of government and enterprise power, as well as the problems to be paid attention to.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D035;F062.6
本文编号：2254924
[Abstract]:Government and enterprises are the two most representative and influential organizations in two different fields of politics and economy. There are some differences between the operation of power and the restriction and supervision of power. The analysis and comparison of these differences are not only of great significance to the discussion of organizational management, but also to the theory and practice of public management in China. Based on the above reasons, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between government and enterprise power acquisition, allocation, operation, restriction and supervision on the basis of comprehensive analysis: first, From the point of view of power acquisition, government power comes from people's entrustment, and enterprise power comes from enterprise's control of property right. The differences include: from the purpose of the formation of power, the formation of government power is out of the need to safeguard public interests, so it has publicity and compulsion; The formation of enterprise power is to ensure and realize the rights or interests of each participating factor owner. On the basis of power acquisition, the violent backing of government power is not possessed by enterprises; the resources controlled by government are beyond the reach of enterprises; and the degree of organization of government is far more than that of enterprises. From the way of power acquisition, the government can obtain power by means of violence, inheritance, election and so on, while enterprises obtain power mainly by controlling property rights and government authorization. Second, from the perspective of power allocation, there are differences between government and enterprises in the horizontal allocation, vertical allocation and structural stability of power: from the perspective of horizontal allocation, the government in order to prevent the concentration of power, In order to achieve the pursuit of efficiency, enterprises tend to concentrate the power to managers, and from the perspective of vertical allocation, the extensiveness of government power and the complexity of vertical structure are far greater than those of enterprises. According to the stability of power structure, the power structure of government is more stable than enterprise because of the different environment. Third, from the point of view of the operation of power, there are some differences in the whole process of principal-agent operation between government and enterprise power, mainly manifested in the initial principal, the level of principal-agent, The degree of diversification of objectives and the mandatory of agency and other aspects. In addition, there are some differences between decision-making and execution in the process of power implementation. Fourth, from the point of view of power restriction and supervision, the operation of government power should be strictly restricted by laws and regulations, but enterprises can act as long as they are not explicitly prohibited by law. At the same time, the operation of government power must be subject to public supervision. In addition, the cost and difficulty of supervising government power is much greater than that of enterprises. Finally, the paper summarizes the differences between government power and enterprise power, and further points out the need to learn from each other in the operation of government and enterprise power, as well as the problems to be paid attention to.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：D035;F062.6
【引证文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 俞雪霞;;公民维权抗争研究——以大连PX事件为案例[J];重庆科技学院学报(社会科学版);2012年10期
，本文编号：2254924
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