新经济社会学应该忽视非人类行动者吗

发布时间：2018-11-17 13:40

【摘要】：20世纪80年代,新经济社会学在美国复兴,直接向经济学的核心领域"企业"和"市场"发起了挑战,重点关注经济行为的社会建构,确立了"网络分析范式"的霸主地位。但是,主流学者却只关注了网络中的人类行动者,而忽视了网络中的非人类行动者。与主流学者不同的是,近年来在法国兴起的述行学派的"行动者网络理论"对"行动者"的定义是广义的,既包括人类,也包括非人类,二者被统一于"异质性的复杂网络"中。但是,非人类行动者没有能动性,他们之间是怎么样相互连接和相互作用的呢?"行动者网络理论"通过人类行动者的"转义者"身份来实现非人类行动者的能动性,即人类行动者不停地把非人类行动者用自己的思维模式和语言转换出来,而且当人类行动者转译非人类行动者的角色时,人类行动者和非人类行动者就互相交织,构建起了一个动态的、演变的、不可分隔的行动者网络。因此,市场不是独立的人类一元行动者的结果,而是人类和非人类多元行动者共同建构的结果。所以,关注人类行动者和非人类行动者的"新新经济社会学"近年来在西方悄然兴起,未来可能成为掀起经济社会学领域研究的新一轮方法论热潮。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, the new economic sociology revived in the United States, directly challenged the core fields of economics "enterprise" and "market", focused on the social construction of economic behavior, and established the dominant position of "network analysis paradigm". However, the mainstream scholars only pay attention to the human actors in the network, but ignore the non-human actors in the network. Unlike mainstream scholars, the "actor network theory" of the declarative school that has emerged in France in recent years defines "actor" in a broad sense, encompassing both human and non-human beings. Both are unified in the heterogeneous complex network. However, the non-human actors are not active, how do they connect and interact with each other? " The theory of network of actors "realizes the initiative of non-human actors through the" escape "identity of human actors, that is, human actors constantly convert non-human actors out of their own thinking mode and language. Moreover, when human actors translate the roles of non-human actors, human actors and non-human actors interweave with each other and form a dynamic, evolving, inseparable network of actors. Therefore, the market is not the result of independent human monistic actors, but the result of human and non-human pluralistic actors. Therefore, "New and New Economic Sociology", which focuses on human actors and non-human actors, has emerged quietly in the West in recent years, and may become a new round of methodology upsurge in the field of economic sociology in the future.
【作者单位】：上海政法学院社会管理学院;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金青年项目“产业转移的嵌入性约束研究”(13CSH067) 上海市教育委员会科研创新项目“上海产业结构调整的嵌入性约束研究”(14YS156) 上海政法学院青年科研基金项目(2014XQN01)
【分类号】：F091.3

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