公共合作中的社会困境与社会正义——基于计算机仿真的经济学跨学科研究

发布时间：2019-01-05 10:35

【摘要】：在公共品博弈中,搭便车会导致合作瓦解,这是一个著名的社会困境。大量研究表明,对搭便车进行惩罚,是维护公共合作的有效机制。但惩罚是有成本的,它又会诱发二阶搭便车,进而导致惩罚机制瓦解,这种情形被称为二阶社会困境。如何化解这一困境,是该研究领域最具挑战性的问题之一。通过一个多行为主体(Multi-Agent)演化博弈随机过程的计算机仿真即可证明,在不改变其他假设的情况下,只要公共品的回报足够大,惩罚行为就能保持稳定的演化趋势。研究显示,随着公共品回报的不断增加,二阶搭便车对惩罚者的演化优势会不断缩小;当这种优势足够小时,它就可能被演化过程的随机性所抵消。本文的跨学科研究表明,以公平和公正为宗旨的社会正义是化解社会困境的必要前提;在人类的公共合作中,正义原则优先于效率原则;而人类天性中的正义感,则是这一社会规范内部化的产物。
[Abstract]:In the game of public goods, hitchhiking leads to the collapse of cooperation, which is a well-known social dilemma. A large number of studies have shown that free-rider punishment is an effective mechanism for maintaining public cooperation. But punishment is costly, and it induces second order hitchhiking, which leads to the collapse of punishment mechanism. This situation is called second order social dilemma. How to resolve this dilemma is one of the most challenging problems in this field. It is proved by computer simulation of a multi-agent (Multi-Agent) evolutionary game stochastic process that, without changing other assumptions, as long as the return of public goods is large enough, the penalty behavior can maintain a stable evolutionary trend. Studies show that as the return on public goods increases, the evolutionary advantage of second-order hitchhiking for the penitentiary will shrink; when this advantage is small enough, it may be offset by the randomness of the evolution process. The interdisciplinary research in this paper shows that social justice with the aim of fairness and justice is the necessary prerequisite to resolve the social predicament, in the public cooperation of human beings, the principle of justice takes precedence over the principle of efficiency. The sense of justice in human nature is the result of the internalization of this social norm.
【作者单位】：浙江大学经济学院;浙江大学跨学科社会科学研究中心;
【基金】：教育部哲学社会科学研究后期资助重大项目(批准号:11JHQ002),教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(批准号:06JJD790031) 中国航空工业集团公司广义虚拟经济专项研究基金(批准号:GX2011-1016Y) 浙江大学社会科学学部科研培育项目和浙江大学语言与认知研究中心对该项研究的资助
【分类号】：F062.6;F224.32

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