产业变迁与资本主义的衰落

发布时间：2019-02-12 10:57

【摘要】：资本主义生产方式最终战胜封建制度并确立自己的统治地位,是靠着机器大工业生产体系。从18世纪70年代到20世纪70年代的200年间,西方发生了三次产业革命,在形成系统完整的工业体系、实现社会生产力巨大发展的同时,资本的本性推动下的技术对劳动的替代却对资本主义工业体系进行着创造性毁灭,即一方面资本主义靠着强大的现代化工业生产体系生产了巨大的社会财富,这些财富的绝大多数被资本家所支配并输向世界各地,推动了世界市场体系的形成、发展和经济全球化时代的到来;另一方面,在技术替代劳动这一资本主义特有规律的作用下,技术在资本的操纵下与劳动的矛盾越来越尖锐,劳动与包含越来越多的技术含量的劳动工具越来越疏远,其结果是越来越多的工业部门萎缩,金融秩序因失去工业的支撑而濒于崩溃,国家信用因难以偿付巨额债务而丧失,致使资本主义陷入不可逆转的衰落。
[Abstract]:The capitalist mode of production triumphed over the feudal system and established its dominant position by relying on the large industrial production system of machinery. During the 200 years from the 1870s to the 1970s, three industrial revolutions took place in the West. While forming a systematic and complete industrial system and realizing the tremendous development of social productive forces, The replacement of labor by technology driven by the nature of capital has creatively destroyed the capitalist industrial system. On the one hand, capitalism has produced enormous social wealth by relying on a powerful modern industrial production system. The vast majority of these wealth was dominated by the capitalists and exported to all parts of the world, promoting the formation of the world market system, development and the arrival of the era of economic globalization; On the other hand, under the action of the special law of capitalism, the contradiction between technology and labor under the control of capital becomes more and more acute, and the labor is more and more alienated from the labor tools which contain more and more technology. As a result, more and more industrial sectors are shrinking, the financial order is on the verge of collapse because of the loss of industrial support, and the state credit has been lost because it is difficult to pay a huge amount of debt, which has led to the irreversible decline of capitalism.
【作者单位】：南开大学经济学院;
【分类号】：F03

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