运输业规模经济与异质企业空间选择——一个缩小我国地区差距的新思路

发布时间：2018-01-01 21:04

本文关键词：运输业规模经济与异质企业空间选择——一个缩小我国地区差距的新思路　出处：《中央财经大学学报》2015年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：笔者将企业生产率异质性与运输业规模经济同时引入新经济地理模型,并重点考察后者在异质企业空间选择及产业布局中的作用,发现当运输业存在显著规模经济时最有动力向中心地区转移的企业是低效率企业,而高效率企业却继续留在外围;当运输业存在适度规模经济时,生产率水平居中的企业最有动力向中心地区转移,而外围地区处于生产率分布两端的企业却没有再选址的激励;这就揭示了影响地区差距的另一种重要机制,即运输业规模经济是一种产业分散力量,有助于地区间经济差距与生产率差距的缩小。进一步研究表明,贸易成本下降(贸易自由化)强化了企业空间选择中的分类效应,促使更多生产率居中企业向中心地区转移,而外围最具生产率优势的企业却是最后的转移者;进而,贸易自由化总能改善中心地区的福利水平,外围地区则可能面临福利下降的厄运。因此,笔者认为为实现我国区域间经济协调发展,应重点关注运输业的运行状况和经济表现,同时区域发展政策应与运输业相关产业政策相互协调。
[Abstract]:The author introduces the heterogeneity of enterprise productivity and the scale economy of transportation industry into the new economic geography model, and focuses on the role of the latter in the spatial selection and industrial layout of heterogeneous enterprises. It is found that when there are significant economies of scale in the transportation industry, the enterprises that have the most motive power to transfer to the central region are inefficient enterprises, while the high-efficiency enterprises remain in the periphery. When there is a moderate economy of scale in the transportation industry, the enterprises in the middle of productivity level have the most motive power to transfer to the central area, but the enterprises in the peripheral areas at the two ends of the productivity distribution have no incentive to re-locate. This reveals another important mechanism that affects the regional disparity, that is, the scale economy of transportation industry is a decentralized force of industry, which is helpful to narrow the gap between regional economy and productivity. The decline of trade cost (trade liberalization) strengthens the classification effect in the spatial choice of enterprises, and promotes more productivity center enterprises to transfer to the central region, while the most productive enterprises in the periphery are the last ones. Furthermore, trade liberalization can always improve the welfare level in the central areas, while the peripheral areas may face the bad luck of welfare decline. Therefore, the author thinks that in order to realize the coordinated development of the interregional economy in China. Emphasis should be placed on the operation and economic performance of the transportation industry, and regional development policies should be coordinated with the related industrial policies of the transportation industry.
【作者单位】：西北农林科技大学经管学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目“农户异质性、碳汇生产激励与后退耕时代生态补偿机制研究”(编号:71403214) 教育部人文社会科学研究西部和边疆地区项目“基于农户异质性视角的碳汇生产激励机制研究——以黄土高原退耕区为例”(编号:14XJC790013) 陕西省人才专项配套基金“异质劳动力流动、匹配与地区收入差距”(编号:Z109021113)
【分类号】：F512;F272
【正文快照】： 一、引言与文献综述要素流动性与运输成本是新经济地理理论区别于传统理论的两大重要特征,对于前者而言不仅更加接近现实情况,且业已得到较充分的研究;然而,对于后者关于运输成本问题长期以来则实际上处于被忽视的状态。众所周知,新经济地理(NEG)中的运输成本是以萨缪尔森的“

【共引文献】