城市地铁运营初期的票价影响因素分析及定价模型研究

发布时间：2018-01-04 13:40

本文关键词：城市地铁运营初期的票价影响因素分析及定价模型研究　出处：《长沙理工大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：地铁是一个城市发展到一定阶段的产物,它具有运量大、方便准时、节约能源等优点。我国正在大力推行公共交通优先政策,地铁作为城市公共交通的主动脉,充分发挥其社会效益则显得尤为重要。但目前绝大多数城市地铁都处于常年亏损状态,客流量与预期设计客流量相差甚远,特别在运营初期阶段,如何制定合理的票价培植客流成为关键性问题。综合考虑城市地铁运营初期的票价影响因素,得出合理定价成为新时期摆在我们面前的重大课题。本文首先从运输成本、运输市场需求、居民出行支付能力、竞争因素、政府管制以及收入构成六个方面考虑,以城市地铁票价作为内生变量,六个影响因素作为外生变量,结合城市地铁运营初期的特点,构建城市地铁运营初期的结构方程模型,并对其进行求解,得出了影响城市地铁运营初期票价制定最重要的因素是运输成本。政府管制、运输市场需求、居民支付能力都在一定程度上对票价产生着影响,收入构成与竞争因素由于其路径系数太小,表明在该阶段对票价的影响不显著,予以剔除。接着阐述了多目标模型的理论基础,并对城市地铁交通客流需求预测进行了探讨,在此基础上以居民出行支付费用最小化、社会福利最大化和地铁企业效益最大化为目标层,地铁票价相关影响因素为约束层,构建了多目标的城市地铁运营初期票价制定模型。最后结合CQ市地铁进行案例分析,验证了模型的可行性。本文综合考虑影响城市地铁票价制定的因素,及乘客、地铁企业、社会效益三者间的关系,构建了可以合理确定城市地铁运营初期的票价模型。有利于地铁企业健康、良性、可持续发展,为城市地铁的票价制定提供了参考依据。
[Abstract]:Subway is the product of a certain stage of the development of a city, it has the advantages of large capacity, convenience on time, energy saving, etc. Our country is vigorously implementing the priority policy of public transport, subway as the aorta of urban public transport. It is very important to give full play to its social benefits, but at present most of the urban subway is in the state of perennial loss, and the passenger flow is far from the expected design, especially in the initial stage of operation. How to establish a reasonable ticket price to cultivate passenger flow has become a key issue. The conclusion that reasonable pricing has become a major issue in front of us in the new period. Firstly, this paper from the transport costs, transport market demand, residents' ability to pay for travel, competition factors. Government regulation and revenue composition of six considerations, taking urban subway fares as endogenous variables, six factors as exogenous variables, combined with the initial characteristics of urban subway operation. The structure equation model of the initial stage of urban subway operation is constructed and solved. The most important factors that affect the pricing of urban subway operation are transportation cost, government regulation and transportation market demand. The residents' ability to pay has an effect on the ticket price to some extent, the income composition and competition factor is too small, which indicates that the impact on the ticket price is not significant at this stage. Then the theoretical basis of the multi-objective model is expounded, and the forecast of urban subway passenger flow demand is discussed. On this basis, the residents' travel expenses are minimized. The social welfare maximization and the subway enterprise benefit maximization is the target layer, the subway fare related influence factor is the constraint layer. A multi-objective urban subway ticket pricing model is constructed. Finally, combined with the CQ subway case analysis, the feasibility of the model is verified. This paper comprehensively considers the factors that affect the urban subway fare formulation. And the relationship among passengers, subway enterprises and social benefits, which can reasonably determine the initial stage of urban subway operation model, which is conducive to the healthy, benign and sustainable development of subway enterprises. It provides a reference for the pricing of urban subway.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F572.5

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