基于竞争力提升的新兴港口发展策略研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 04:12

本文关键词：基于竞争力提升的新兴港口发展策略研究　出处：《北京交通大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：港口作为水陆运输连接点,在交通运输网络中起着重要的作用,对国民经济的贡献巨大。2006年,我国中央政府颁布了国家级的《全国沿海港口布局规划》,它对中国沿海所有港口的空间分布进行了规划,明确指出：中国将以大连、天津、青岛等9大港为主,加快发展沿海支线和喂给港的集装箱运输系统。然而,在推出4万亿经济刺激计划的背景下,部分新兴港口所在地的地方政府过高地估计了其港口竞争力,制定了不切实际的集装箱港口发展目标,即以区域甚至全国性的大港为目标,这与《全国沿海港口布局规划》制定的港口发展策略存在错位,导致局部区域港口功能重复,其后果是区域性中小港口能力利用的不均衡。新兴港口的竞争力普遍不强,如何抓住机遇,科学发展是亟需解决的问题。在此背景下,本文首先阐述了我国港口总体发展趋势,进行了新兴港口发展的差异化分析,并运用SWOT分析法对新兴港口面临的优势和劣势、机遇和挑战进行分析,为港口竞争力的研究作铺垫。其次,在国内外相关文献深入分析的基础上,从港口竞争力的相关概念、竞争产生原因、港口竞争分类等方面介绍港口竞争力内涵,阐述我国港口竞争的具体内容及特点。在海运业务流程和决策问题分析的基础上,结合竞争力相关理论,探索港口竞争的本质和影响港口竞争力的要素。最后,本文构建了一个衡量港口竞争力的陆侧全过程广义费用函数,该函数全面考虑了陆侧作业流程,包括通关及检验检疫过程、运输过程、港口装卸过程以及等船过程；在此基础上,运用非集计模型,建立了港口市场份额的计算方法,较为客观地反映了港口对陆侧货物的吸引情况；之后,对中国东南沿海某新兴港口与既有港口的竞争力进行比较分析。结果显示,在船期服务频率、通关效率、装卸效率、陆侧运输等影响因素中,船期服务频率、通关效率及陆侧运输时间和费用对该新兴港口市场份额的影响较大,而港口装卸效率等因素的影响相对较小。本文提出,新兴港口仅靠优化某一因素变量难以获得较高的市场份额,新兴港口应有适合自身实际情况的发展策略。
[Abstract]:Port, as a land and water transportation connection point, plays an important role in the transportation network and contributes a lot to the national economy. 2006. China's central government has promulgated the National Coastal Port layout Plan, which plans the spatial distribution of all the ports along the coast of China, and points out clearly that China will take Dalian and Tianjin. Qingdao and other nine major ports to speed up the development of coastal feeder and feed port container transport system. However, in the context of the 4 tillion economic stimulus package. The local governments of some emerging ports overestimated their port competitiveness and formulated unrealistic container port development goals, namely, targeting regional and even national large ports. This with the "National Coastal Port layout Plan" formulated the port development strategy misplaced, resulting in local regional port function duplication. The result is the imbalance in the utilization of the capacity of the regional small and medium-sized ports, and the competitiveness of the new ports is generally not strong. How to seize the opportunity, scientific development is the urgent problem to be solved. Under this background, this article first elaborated our country port general development tendency, carried on the emerging port development difference analysis, and uses the SWOT analytic method to the emerging port to face the superiority and the inferiority. Opportunities and challenges are analyzed to pave the way for the study of port competitiveness. Secondly, on the basis of in-depth analysis of relevant literature at home and abroad, this paper introduces the connotation of port competitiveness from the related concepts of port competitiveness, the causes of competition, the classification of port competition, and so on. Based on the analysis of maritime business process and decision making, the essence of port competition and the factors affecting port competitiveness are explored in combination with the theory of competitiveness. Finally, this paper constructs a generalized cost function to measure the competitiveness of the port. The function takes into account the operation flow of the land side, including customs clearance, inspection and quarantine process, transportation process. Port loading and unloading process and waiting for ship process; On this basis, the calculation method of port market share is established by using disaggregate model, which objectively reflects the attraction of port to land side cargo. After that, the competitiveness of a new port along the southeast coast of China is compared with that of the existing port. The results show that these factors are the frequency of shipping service, the efficiency of customs clearance, the efficiency of loading and unloading, the land side transportation and so on. The frequency of shipping service, the efficiency of customs clearance, the time and cost of land side transportation have a great influence on the market share of the new port, while the factors of port loading and unloading efficiency are relatively small. It is difficult to obtain a higher market share by optimizing one factor variable, and the new port should have a development strategy suitable to its own actual situation.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F552

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