重力模型参数空间差异研究——以中国城市间铁路客流为例

发布时间：2018-02-10 05:58

本文关键词： 铁路客流距离衰减系数重力模型参数空间分布中国　出处：《地理科学进展》2014年12期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：重力模型是重要的空间相互作用模型,已经在相关研究和实践中得到了广泛应用。在重力模型应用中,结果对参数的敏感性较高,不同的参数设置就可能导致结果体系的巨大差异,故精确的参数是重力模型应用的基础。许多研究关注了重力模型参数的提取,但限于数据等因素,参数在空间上的差异性尚未得到充分的重视。本文采用2010年城市间铁路客运量作为城市间相互作用强度的反映,以城市市辖区居民总可支配收入作为城市的"质量",刻画城市本身的吸引力,进而通过回归分析考察重力模型的参数结果;并结合地理信息系统的空间插值工具,分析重力模型中各个参数的空间差异并得到可视化结果。相比于既有研究,本文在变量选取中增加了城市间列车交流频次这一变量,与平均运行时间结合共同反映城市之间的"距离",使模型拟合结果得到较大改进。结果表明,重力模型参数取值在空间上存在显著差异,对不同区域使用统一的重力模型参数可能使结果出现较大偏差,因此将重力模型应用到具体实践中时,不能忽略参数的空间异质性。
[Abstract]:Gravity model is an important spatial interaction model, which has been widely used in relevant research and practice. In the application of gravity model, the results are highly sensitive to parameters. Different parameter settings may lead to great differences in the result system, so accurate parameters are the basis of gravity model application. Many studies have focused on the extraction of gravity model parameters, but limited to data and other factors. The spatial difference of the parameters has not been paid enough attention to. In this paper, the inter-city railway passenger volume is adopted as the reflection of the intensity of inter-city interaction in 2010. Taking the total disposable income of residents in urban districts as the "quality" of the city, this paper describes the attraction of the city itself, and then, through regression analysis, investigates the parameter results of the gravity model, and combines the spatial interpolation tool of the Geographic Information system (GIS). The spatial differences of the parameters in the gravity model are analyzed and the visualization results are obtained. Compared with the existing research, the variable of inter-city train alternating frequency is increased in the selection of variables. Combined with the average running time, the distance between cities is reflected and the fitting results of the model are improved greatly. The results show that there are significant differences between the parameters of the gravity model in space. The use of uniform gravity model parameters in different regions may lead to a large deviation of the results, so the spatial heterogeneity of the parameters can not be ignored when applying the gravity model to practical practice.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院;北京大学城市与环境学院;
【基金】：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAJ22B05)
【分类号】：F532

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