天津港散杂货装卸价格管理机制的研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 06:25

本文关键词： 港口装卸服务价格机制　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：我国港口在经历了港口体制改革之后，由原来的计划经济体制逐步向市场经济体制转变，港口在运营和发展上也面临着从国家主导转变为港口企业和区域自身主导。正是由于港口对国民经济的重要拉动作用和对其他产业的重要支撑作用，港口产业在“十一五”期间取得了长足的发展，地区和各级政府对港口业的发展尤为关注。在全球化和国际贸易日益兴盛的今天，船公司对港口的使用日益集中，我国沿海各港口为争夺区域性中心地位，纷纷采取低价争夺货源，盲目扩大市场份额，价格竞争愈演愈烈。天津港作为我国历史最为悠久的沿海大港之一，是京津冀地区重要的口岸通道，为京津冀地区的经济发展提供了重要的支撑。近几年，随着周边港口的崛起，散杂货装卸业务成为区域港口群竞争的焦点之一，天津港市场份额面临逐步削弱。如何在当前制度框架下设计合理的价格机制，应对周边港口竞争的同时，满足腹地经济发展需要，实现天津港自身的可持续发展，是目前天津港所要面临的问题。本文的研究，从经济学的价格理论入手，遵循以下研究思路：首先，分析了国内外当前港口散杂货装卸价格现状，对我国沿海港口装卸价格管理机制进行了深入的研究，重点选取了美国、欧洲、日本等国家和地区，对其港口码头定价策略和费收价格管理机制进行搜集和整理，并归纳总结国外经验对天津港的启示。其次，研究了天津港当前的散杂货装卸业务以及在港口吞吐量区域中的地位，，分析未来渤海湾港口和天津港吞吐量发展趋势，结合竞争态势和天津港所处地位为天津港装卸服务价格策略提供了分析基础。最后，在分析研究天津港散杂货装卸价格机制现状的基础上，对其价格水平和价格形成机制进行了评价，提出了天津港在进行装卸价格管理机制上应采取的思路，并提出价格形成机制和价格调整机制，针对具体货种和具体腹地服务对象，提出了不同的定价策略。通过本次研究，对港口装卸价格的经济学原理进行了整理和归纳，通过价格理论中的市场供给需求关系模型设计了天津港散杂货装卸价格机制的思路及运行模式，并从价格机制角度为天津港今后散杂货装卸业务的发展提供了措施建议。得出的结论是定价是港口竞争中诸多因素之一，港口企业在制定散杂货装卸机制时，应把握港口作业效率与港口价格之间的合理性价比，优质优价才是港口长期生存发展的必要条件。针对不同的货类和腹地类型，应采取不同的定价策略，针对不同的货主，应有不同的价格和服务。调整价格时应重点关注上下游环节的盈利状况，以确定天津港自身能争取的调价空间。以此结论提出几点建议第一，天津港在港口建设、集疏运通道、业务管理等方面进一步优化，压缩成本，力争做到优质优价。第二，加强与周边港口的沟通，推动形成区域内邻近港口间的协同竞争关系。第三，建立本港的价格指标监测平台，监测市场运行状态，定期进行分析预警，制定灵活及时的价格调整机制。第四，针对腹地特性，针对不同客户，推行不同的定价策略。第五，走差异化发展道路，通过提高服务质量和装卸效率、改善集疏运条件等非价格因素来参与市场竞争，通过优势货种在区域内树立价格影响力。第六，积极争取地方政府财政及政策扶持，内外结合，增强自身市场竞争力。第七，加强与大货主和船公司合作，参与全程物流组织，积极利用资本纽带，实现利益共同体，保证稳定货源，实现港口的规模收益。
[Abstract]:Port of our country after the reform of port system, from the original planned economy system gradually transforms to the market economy system, the port in operation and development is also facing a transition from national leading enterprises and regional port itself. It is because the port on the national economy have played an important supporting role and to other industries the port industry has made great progress in the "11th Five-Year" period, particularly concerned about the area and all levels of government on the development of the port industry.
In today's globalization and international trade has become increasingly prosperous, the shipping companies in the port is increasingly concentrated, China's coastal ports for the regional center, have taken low-cost competition for supply, expand market share, price competition intensified. Tianjin port is the history of our country is one of the most ancient coastal port is an important port. Channel of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, provides an important support for the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region's economic development. In recent years, with the rise of the surrounding ports, cargo handling services has become the focus of the competition of the port group, Tianjin port market share face gradually weakened. How to design a reasonable price mechanism under the current institutional framework, to deal with the surrounding ports the competition at the same time, to meet the needs of economic development in the hinterland, realize the sustainable development of Tianjin port, Tianjin port is currently facing the problem.
The study of this paper, starting with the price theory of economics, follows the following research ideas:
First, analyzed the current domestic and international port cargo handling price situation, on China's coastal port price management mechanism is studied, focusing on the United States, Europe, Japan and other countries and regions, the port fee pricing strategy and price management system of collecting and collating, and summarized abroad the experience and Enlightenment of Tianjin port.
Secondly, the current research of Tianjin port bulk cargo handling business and status in port throughput in the region, analysis of future development of Bohai bay port and Tianjin port throughput trends, combined with the competition situation of Tianjin port and the position provides basis for the analysis of Tianjin port handling service pricing strategy.
Finally, based on the analysis and research of Tianjin port bulk cargo loading and unloading on the status of the price mechanism, the mechanism of the price level and the price formation of the evaluation, proposed the Tianjin port should be taken in handling the price mechanism of management ideas, and puts forward the pricing mechanism and price adjustment mechanism, according to the specific types of goods and service object specific hinterland and put forward different pricing strategies.
Through this study, the economics principle of port price were collated and summarized, the theory of price in the market supply and demand relationship model design ideas and mode of operation of Tianjin port bulk cargo loading and unloading mechanism of price, and the price mechanism from the angle for the development of Tianjin port in the future cargo handling services provides measures and suggestions.
The conclusion is pricing is one of the many factors of port competition, enterprises in the development of port bulk cargo loading and unloading mechanism, should grasp the reasonable price between port operation efficiency and port price, the high quality is essential for the long-term survival and development of the port. According to the type of goods and the hinterland of different, should adopt different pricing strategies. In view of the different owner should have different price and service. The price adjustment should focus on downstream links to determine the profitability of Tianjin port itself can strive for price space.
Some suggestions are put forward with this conclusion
First, the Tianjin port in port construction, transportation, business management and other aspects of further optimization, reduce costs, and strive to achieve high quality and low price.
Second, strengthen communication with the surrounding ports, and promote the formation of a cooperative competitive relationship between the adjacent ports in the region.
Third, set up a monitoring platform for the price index of Hong Kong, monitor the running state of the market, make regular analysis and early warning, and formulate a flexible and timely price adjustment mechanism.
Fourth, in view of hinterland characteristics, different pricing strategies are implemented for different customers.
Fifth, take different path of development, by improving the quality of services and improve the efficiency of loading and unloading, transportation and other non price factors to participate in market competition, the advantages of goods set price influence in the region.
Sixth, actively strive for local government financial and policy support, combined with internal and external, to enhance the competitiveness of their own market.
Seventh, we must strengthen cooperation with large cargo owners and shipping companies, participate in the whole logistics organization, actively utilize capital ties to achieve interest communities, ensure stable supply of goods and achieve the scale returns of ports.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F552

【引证文献】