内河危险化学品运输应急物资储备策略研究

发布时间：2018-03-07 14:08

本文选题：内河运输　切入点：应急物资　出处：《重庆交通大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：内河航运是交通运输体系的重要组成部分，因其成本低、运能大、能耗小等特点，在危险化学品运输中应用广泛。随着内河危险化学品运输量的持续增长，其安全问题逐渐凸显出来。内河危险化学品运输应急管理也因此受到政府和企业的高度重视。内河危险化学品运输应急管理主要包括事前防控和事后救援两个方面。在事后救援中，应急物资的储备是确保救援效率的前提。本文以长江上游重庆段危险化学品水路运输为背景，在对重庆危险化学品运输企业、港口及码头实地调研的基础上，将一般应急物资储备管理的理论和方法运用到内河危险化学品运输应急物资的储备管理中，结合内河危险化学品运输应急物资的特点，研究了内河危险化学品运输应急物资的储备策略问题。首先，运用层次分析与聚类分析相结合的方法对内河危险化学品运输应急物资进行储备分类。根据内河危险化学品运输应急物资的特点，建立了储备分类的评价指标体系，在运用层次分析法确定指标权重值的基础上，利用聚类分析法对应急物资进行聚类分析，并通过聚类有效性函数确定应急物资的最终分类方案。其次，将（S，s）模型运用到内河危险化学品运输应急物资储备管理中，建立了内河危险化学品运输应急物资储备管理模型。在需求呈负指数分布的条件下，建立了考虑订购成本、库存成本、缺货成本和过期成本的（S，s）模型，求出了最大库存S，利用朗伯W函数得出了安全库存s的表达式。在此基础上，对最大库存与安全库存模型中各参数的敏感性进行了仿真分析，结果表明内河危险化学品运输应急物资最大库存与安全库存均受缺货损失、库存持有成本、过期损失、过期率的影响，订购成本只对安全库存有影响。再次，在储备量已知的情况下，考虑供应商与储备方联合回购，，建立了内河危险化学品运输应急物资有效期管理的线性规划模型，确定了采取报废处理与折价处理策略的条件，以及采取折价处理时的折价处理周期。通过对模型中各参数的仿真分析，发现缺货损失不影响内河危险化学品运输应急物资的有效期管理，单位库存持有成本影响有效期管理方式的选择，但对折价处理周期无影响，折价处理周期对采购价格与折扣价格的敏感性最强。最后，结合实地调研数据，以A化工码头为例，对内河危险化学品运输应急物资储备管理策略进行了实证分析，验证了模型的有效性。
[Abstract]:Inland water transportation is an important part of transportation system, because of its low cost, large capacity and low energy consumption, it is widely used in the transportation of dangerous chemicals. The emergency management of inland dangerous chemicals transportation has been attached great importance by the government and enterprises. The emergency management for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers mainly includes two aspects: prevention and control in advance and rescue after the event. The reserve of emergency materials is the premise to ensure the rescue efficiency. This paper takes the waterway transportation of dangerous chemicals in Chongqing section of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as the background, based on the field investigation of Chongqing dangerous chemical transportation enterprises, ports and wharves. The theory and method of general emergency material reserve management are applied to the storage management of inland water dangerous chemicals transportation emergency materials, and combined with the characteristics of inland water dangerous chemicals transportation emergency materials, In this paper, the storage strategy of emergency materials for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers is studied. Firstly, the method of combining hierarchical analysis and cluster analysis is used to classify the emergency materials for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers. According to the characteristics of the emergency materials for transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers, the evaluation index system of reserve classification is established. Based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of the index, the cluster analysis method is used to analyze the emergency materials, and the final classification scheme of the emergency materials is determined by the clustering validity function. Secondly, the model is applied to the storage management of emergency materials for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers, and the management model of emergency materials reserve for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers is established. Under the condition of negative exponential distribution of demand, the order cost is taken into account. Based on the model of inventory cost, shortage cost and overdue cost, the maximum inventory S is obtained, and the expression of safe inventory s is obtained by using the Lambert W function. The sensitivity of each parameter in the model of maximum inventory and safe stock is simulated and analyzed. The results show that the maximum inventory and safety stock of emergency materials in inland water transportation are all due to stock shortage loss, inventory holding cost, overdue loss, etc. The effect of expiration rate, order cost only has an impact on safety inventory. Thirdly, considering the joint repurchase of suppliers and reserviors, a linear programming model for the period of validity of emergency materials for inland dangerous chemicals transportation is established under the condition of known reserves. The conditions of adopting scrap treatment and discount treatment strategy and the discount treatment period when adopting discount treatment are determined. The simulation analysis of each parameter in the model is carried out. It is found that the shortage loss does not affect the period of validity of the emergency materials for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers, and the cost of holding unit stock affects the choice of the valid period management mode, but has no effect on the discount treatment cycle. Discount treatment cycle is the most sensitive to purchase price and discount price. Finally, based on the field investigation data and taking A chemical terminal as an example, the paper makes an empirical analysis on the emergency material reserve management strategy for the transportation of dangerous chemicals in inland rivers, and verifies the validity of the model.
【学位授予单位】：重庆交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F552;F251;U695.292

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