完善丽水市城乡道路客运体系的研究

发布时间：2018-03-09 03:31

本文选题：城乡道路客运　切入点：公交化　出处：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：丽水市是位于我国浙江省西南部经济欠发达地级市,具有典型的山区地貌,城乡人口分散,全市的山地和丘陵面积占总面积的近90%,而平原面积仅占5%,素有“九山半水半分田”之称。丽水市城乡道路客运发展主要经历了以下三个阶段:一是初期发展阶段。主要存在于1990年至2003年之间,该阶段城乡道路客运市场呈现出企业规模小、个体经济多、服务质量低劣,市场恶性无序竞争等局面。二是中期整合阶段。从2003年至2009年期间,丽水市城乡道路客运市场迎来加速期,在规范市场、完善市场方面取得突破,市场化程度得到提升。企业集约化程度显著提高,原来“散、小、乱”的现象得到有效改善,营运车辆公车公营模式逐渐发展,市场经营行为日渐规范。三是相对稳定阶段。2009年以来,丽水市城乡道路客运市场的发展趋势逐渐趋于平稳,进入一个较为稳定的时期。截至2015年末,丽水市城乡道路客运企业共计21家,其中农村客运企业20家,城乡公交企业1家。从经营性质上看,其中6家属于国有企业,15家系民营企业。农村客运运营线路268条,运营车辆656辆,座位数14239个;城乡公交运营线路32条,运营车辆147辆,座位数3274个。本研究在对丽水市9个县市区城乡道路客运市场进行走访调研的基础上,进行归纳总结,发现主要存在以下几大问题:一是我市整体发展水平偏低,在全省范围内处于末位;二是政府职能定位不清,政企不分,政府过多或过少干预对市场缺乏科学有效管理;三是基础设施建设薄弱,集中表现在公路条件较差、营运车辆硬件状况较差以及城乡道路客运场站等级偏低、建设资金短缺等;四是效益性与公益性矛盾突出,主要体现在企业经营效益普遍低下,缺乏运营积极性与城乡居民出行需求、要求日益提升的矛盾;五是各项工作机制不完善。面对当前存在的一系列问题,本研究指出应当按照“绿色环保”、“高效发展”、“保障安全”的基本原则,并结合其他地区在发展城乡道路客运过程中的宝贵经验,通过不同模式的比较分析,明确我市必须因地制宜,充分考虑各级政府的财政承受能力、行业普遍亏损现状以及城乡居民出行需求等因素,在解决城乡道路客运问题上应该坚持“政府主导为主、政府引导为辅、市场主导为补充”的主旨,以公益性定位为主线的总体思想。同时,针对存在问题提出了如下几点具体对策与建议:一是合理履行政府职能。包括引导企业运营体制改革、引导市场运力资源优化与规范企业经营行为。二是加快基础设施建设。三是建立和完善各类工作机制。包括市场经营机制、票价调节机制、财政补助机制、服务质量考核机制、监督评价机制等。四是紧抓信息化建设。
[Abstract]:Lishui City is located in the southwest of Zhejiang Province, an underdeveloped prefectural city with typical mountainous landforms and scattered urban and rural populations. The mountainous and hilly area of the whole city accounts for nearly 90 percent of the total area, while the plain area accounts for only 5 percent of the total area. It is known as "Jiushan, half water and half farmland". The development of urban and rural road passenger transport in Lishui city has mainly experienced the following three stages: first, the initial stage of development. ... mainly between 1990 and 2003, In this stage, the urban and rural road passenger transport market presents a situation of small scale, large individual economy, poor service quality, vicious and disorderly market competition and so on. The second is the intermediate stage of integration. From 2003 to 2009, The urban and rural road passenger transport market in Lishui is undergoing an accelerated period. It has made a breakthrough in standardizing the market and perfecting the market, and the degree of marketization has been upgraded. The degree of enterprise intensification has increased significantly, and the original phenomenon of "scattered, small and chaotic" has been effectively improved. Since 2009, the development trend of the urban and rural passenger transport market in Lishui City has gradually tended to be stable. As of end of 2015, there were 21 urban and rural road passenger transport enterprises in Lishui, including 20 rural passenger transport enterprises and 1 urban and rural public transport enterprise. Among them, 6 are state-owned enterprises and 15 private enterprises. There are 268 rural passenger transport lines, 656 operating vehicles, and 1,4239 seats; 32 urban and rural public transport routes and 147 operational vehicles. The number of seats is 3274. Based on the investigation of the urban and rural road passenger transport market in 9 counties and cities of Lishui, this study summarizes the main problems as follows: first, the overall development level of our city is on the low side, At the end of the province; second, the government functions are not clear, government and enterprises are not divided, the government has too much or too little intervention to the market lack of scientific and effective management; third, the infrastructure construction is weak, concentrated in poor road conditions, The operating vehicle hardware condition is poor, the grade of urban and rural road passenger transport station is on the low side, the construction fund is short, etc. Fourth, the contradiction between efficiency and public welfare is prominent, which is mainly reflected in the general low operating efficiency of enterprises. The contradiction between the lack of enthusiasm for operation and the travel needs of urban and rural residents and the increasing demands; fifthly, the various working mechanisms are not perfect. In the face of a series of existing problems, This study points out that according to the basic principles of "green environmental protection", "efficient development" and "ensuring safety", and combined with the valuable experience of other regions in the development of urban and rural road passenger transport, through the comparative analysis of different models, It is clear that our city must adapt measures to local conditions, fully consider the financial affordability of governments at all levels, the current situation of general losses in the industry and the travel needs of urban and rural residents, and should adhere to the "government-led" approach to solve the problem of urban and rural road passenger transport. The general idea of government guidance as supplement, market leading as supplement, and public welfare orientation as the main line. At the same time, The following specific countermeasures and suggestions are put forward to solve the existing problems: first, to carry out the functions of the government reasonably, including guiding the reform of the enterprise operation system, To guide the optimization of market capacity resources and standardize the business behavior of enterprises. Second, to speed up the construction of infrastructure. Third, to establish and improve all kinds of working mechanisms, including the market operation mechanism, the price adjustment mechanism, the financial subsidy mechanism, and the service quality assessment mechanism. Fourth, we should pay close attention to information construction.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F542.8

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