城市公共交通票制模式及定价模型研究

发布时间：2018-03-17 18:31

本文选题：公共交通　切入点：票制模式　出处：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加速，城市机动化水平和居民生活水平得到进一步提高，由此带来的交通拥堵、能耗上升、交通污染、交通事故等交通问题也日益突出。为缓解城市交通交通，应加强城市交通管理和大力发展大运量、高效率、低能耗的城市公共交通系统。实行公交优先既要用政策手段加以引导，又要以经济手段加以调控。科学合理的票价政策是经济调控的重要手段，通过形成的价格杠杆可以起到调控和平衡交通需求的作用。在由计划经济到市场经济的转变过程中，城市公共交通的票制票价体系仍存在一些问题，比如票价形式单一、比价不合理、定价理论和方法不统一等。尤其在城市轨道交通迅猛发展的今天，科学合理的制定公共交通票价体系对于整个公共交通的可持续发展尤为重要。本文以城市公共交通票制票价为研究对象，参考相关文献，通过进行相关数据调查，分析了票制确定了思路及发展形成过程，，在此基础上建立了公共交通票价定价模型，并以长春市公共交通为对象进行了实证分析。本文共分七章，主要内容如下：第一章，介绍论文的研究背景及意义，总结分析国内外研究现状，确定主要研究内容和难点，制定论文技术路线。第二章，首先阐述了城市公共交通的定义、公共交通方式构成及城市公共交通的运行特性、管理特性和经营特性；其次，论述了城市公共交通定价应遵循的基本原则；再次，对城市公共交通定价过程考虑的影响因素进行了总结；最后，介绍了定价的基本理论和集中定价方法并对其进行了简单分析。第三章，首先阐述了票制的概念及其分类，总结了各票制模式的优缺点及适用性；其次，归纳了国内外部分城市的票制模式，并对其做了定性分析；再次，借鉴一般模型的建模思路，建立票制静态选择模型，确定了模型的目标、约束条件及解集，给出了模型求解思路；最后，根据系统演化的一般规律，采用系统工程的理论与思想，制定了票制模式演化的理论框架，并结合我国城市公共交通发展状况，确定了与之相适应的票制模式。第四章，分别对单一票制、计程票制及常规公交与轨道交通联合定价进行分析，对三种情况的票价制定问题进行了描述，确立了建模思路，通过对定价目标和约束条件的分析，建立了三种价格模型。第五章，以长春市公共交通为研究对象对所建模型进行实证分析。首先简单介绍了长春市公共交通的概况，主要对常规公交与轨道交通进行阐述；其次，叙述长春市了当前常规公交与轨道交通的票制与票价情况；最后，分别应用单一票制定价模型、计程票制定价模型和常规公交与轨道交通联合票价定价模型对三种情况进行了实证分析，证明了模型的可行性和有效性。第六章，总结与展望。归纳本文完成的内容、新意之处及有待进一步研究的问题。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the level of motorization in cities and the standard of living of residents have been further improved, resulting in traffic congestion, rising energy consumption, traffic pollution, Traffic problems such as traffic accidents are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to alleviate urban traffic, we should strengthen urban traffic management and vigorously develop large volumes and high efficiency. Urban public transport system with low energy consumption. Public transport priority should be guided by policy means as well as regulated by economic means. A scientific and reasonable fare policy is an important means of economic regulation and control. In the process of transition from planned economy to market economy, there are still some problems in the ticket system of urban public transport, such as the single fare form. Especially with the rapid development of urban rail transit, it is very important for the sustainable development of the whole public transport to formulate the public transport fare system scientifically and reasonably. This paper takes the ticket price of urban public transport as the research object, referring to the relevant literature, through the relevant data investigation, analyzes the train of thought and the formation process of the ticket system, and establishes the pricing model of the public transport ticket price on this basis. And Changchun public transport as the object of empirical analysis. This paper is divided into seven chapters, the main contents are as follows:. The first chapter introduces the research background and significance of the paper, summarizes and analyzes the current research situation at home and abroad, determines the main research contents and difficulties, and formulates the technical route of the paper. In the second chapter, the definition of urban public transport, the composition of public transport mode, the characteristics of operation, management and management of urban public transport are described. Secondly, the basic principles of urban public transport pricing are discussed. This paper summarizes the factors that affect the pricing process of urban public transport, and finally, introduces the basic theory of pricing and centralized pricing methods, and makes a simple analysis of them. In the third chapter, the concept and classification of ticket system are introduced, and the advantages and disadvantages and applicability of each ticket system model are summarized. Secondly, the ticket system model of some cities at home and abroad is summarized, and qualitative analysis is made. Based on the modeling ideas of the general model, the static choice model of ticket system is established, the objectives, constraints and solution sets of the model are determined, and the solution ideas of the model are given. Finally, according to the general rules of the evolution of the system, Based on the theory and thought of system engineering, the paper formulates the theoretical framework of the evolution of the ticket system model, and determines the corresponding ticket system model according to the development of urban public transportation in China. Chapter 4th analyzes the single ticket system, the metering ticket system and the combined pricing of conventional public transport and rail transit, describes the pricing problems of the three cases, and establishes the modeling ideas. Through the analysis of pricing objectives and constraints, three price models are established. Chapter 5th, take Changchun public transport as the research object to carry on the empirical analysis to the model. First, has introduced the Changchun public transportation general situation, mainly carries on the elaboration to the routine public transport and the rail transit; secondly, This paper describes the ticket system and ticket price of conventional public transport and rail transit in Changchun. Finally, the single ticket pricing model is applied respectively. The pricing model of metering ticket system and the combined pricing model of bus and rail transit are analyzed empirically, and the feasibility and validity of the model are proved. Chapter 6th, summary and prospect. Summarize the content of this paper, new ideas and problems to be further studied.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U12;F570.5

【引证文献】