城市客运出租车定价问题的研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 18:41

本文选题：客运出租车　切入点：运价　出处：《西南交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快,居民交通出行日益频繁,出行的需求和供给出现了许多矛盾。城市公共交通价格是分配城市客运交通资源的重要手段,合理的客运出租车价格可以通过改变出行者出行需求的弹性和出行机会成本,影响出行者的决策行为,使出行需求在交通方式和时空范围等方面得到平衡。因此确定一种合理的出租车定价模型具有重要的实际意义。同时,租价的调整影响到乘客和出租车司机的利益,故本文建立了充分考虑政府、乘客、司机满意度的多目标定价模型。论文首先对城市客运出租车的基本特征、服务作用进行分析,明确其区别于其他交通方式的独有特点,详细分析了其与常规公交的互补与竞争的关系。并在此基础上研究了出租车价格基础理论,通过运价构成、运价水平、定价影响因素、狭义运输成本来做具体分析。其次,依次分析常用定价模型及适用性,通过对出租车定价决定因素的分析,确定了多目标定价的必要性,进而构造出城市客运出租车的多目标定价模型,并提出了模型求解算法。最后,对成都市客运出租车的价格进行分析,一方面,通过调查获得基本数据参数,求出各目标函数的权重系数,用Lingo软件实现对成都市出租车的多目标定价模型求解,验证了模型的合理性；另一方面,针对近期不断波动的油价变化,利用运价油价联动机制计算分析了成都市油价波动对出租车价格的影响。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, residents travel more and more frequently, and there are many contradictions in the demand and supply of travel.Urban public transport price is an important means to allocate urban passenger transport resources. A reasonable passenger taxi price can influence travelers' decision-making behavior by changing the elasticity of travelers' travel demand and travel opportunity cost.The travel demand is balanced in terms of transportation mode and space-time range.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to determine a reasonable taxi pricing model.At the same time, the adjustment of rental price affects the interests of passengers and taxi drivers, so this paper establishes a multi-objective pricing model that fully considers the satisfaction of the government, passengers and drivers.At first, the paper analyzes the basic characteristics and service function of urban passenger taxi, clarifies its unique characteristics different from other modes of transportation, and analyzes in detail the relationship between it and the complementary and competitive relationship between the taxi and conventional public transport.On this basis, the paper studies the basic theory of taxi price, and makes a concrete analysis through the composition of the freight rate, the level of the freight rate, the factors affecting the pricing, and the narrow sense of transportation cost.Secondly, by analyzing the common pricing models and their applicability, the necessity of multi-objective pricing is determined by analyzing the determinants of taxi pricing, and then the multi-objective pricing model of urban passenger taxis is constructed.A model solving algorithm is proposed.Finally, the price of Chengdu passenger taxi is analyzed. On the one hand, the basic data parameters are obtained through investigation, the weight coefficients of each objective function are obtained, and the multi-objective pricing model of Chengdu taxi is solved by Lingo software.The rationality of the model is verified, on the other hand, the influence of the fluctuation of oil price on taxi price in Chengdu is calculated and analyzed by using the linkage mechanism of transportation price and oil price, in view of the recent fluctuation of oil price.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F570.5;F224

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