我国上市航运企业经营效率评价

发布时间：2018-04-02 07:17

本文选题：上市航运企业　切入点：企业经营效率　出处：《中国海洋大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：上市航运企业作为海洋运输重要载体,为我国的对外贸易发展,巩固我国在世界贸易中的大国地位提供了有力保证。自中国2001年入世以来,我国航运企业发展踏上了一个新的里程碑,据统计2001年全年进出口总额5090.5亿美元,其中出口额为2661亿美元,进口额为2435.5亿美元；2008年全年进出口总额为25616亿美元,其中出口额为14285亿美元,进口额为11331亿美元。我国对外贸易发展增长速度连续7年保持在17%以上,进出口总额增长了5.02倍,2008年在世界贸易总额中居于第三位。但受2008年金融危机的影响,我国上市航运企业陷入周期性低谷,并连续亏损,屡创新低。本文根据企业竞争的相关理论,构造出我国上市航运企业的发展环境模型,总结了一下我国上市航运企业存在的问题,运用DEA分析法选取营业成本、总资产、员工数作为投入指标,营业收入、固定资产周转率作为产出指标,对我国2002年之前上市的15家上市航运企业在2002-2011年期间的经营效率进行评价,然后在此基础上运用DEA-Tobit二阶段分析法,选取企业性质、企业规模、企业经济环境、企业人力资本、企业资产负债率、企业股权集中度六个指标作为影响企业经营效率的影响因素,进行回归分析,并结合国际上著名的航运业巨头马士基航运公司和地中海航运公司的发展经验,为我国航运企业的经营决策者提供可靠的依据,为今后航运业的发展指明方向。本文通过研究分析发现,经过改革开放几十年的发展,我国的航运企业已经得到了长足的进步,已经跻身到世界的前列,但是相比国际知名的航运企业——马士基航运公司和地中行航运公司仍有很大差距。自2008年金融危机以来,航运企业一直是惨淡经营,虽然技术、政策等方面不断进步与完善,但我国的上市航运企业近几年仍然没有起色,目前来说面临的问题主要有灵活性和多样性较差,营销手段单一,不能真正走出本土,人才结构不合理等,这些问题的存在加上全球经济的低迷,导致了上市航运企业普遍呈现出运力过剩的状态,运力的过剩很大程度上说明我国上市航运处于企业低效率运营状态。通过实证分析我们可以清楚的了解到,我国上市航运企业目前的技术效率为0.868,属于中等水平,纯技术效率值为0.939,属于中上水平,规模效率为0.923,也处于中上水平。总体来说水平不是很高,有待加强。根据得出的效率值,我们又继续探讨影响航运企业经营效率的因素,我们发现宏观经济环境,人力资本,股权集中度与航运企业的经营效率成正相关关系,应该加强。而资产负债率与航运企业的经营呈负相关,我们应当降低。最后本文通过对环境,及企业自身问题的分析,提出应该从加强码头合作,发展综合物流,扩大投融资渠道,积极发展船队等方面着手,努力使我国上市航运企业成为世界一流航运企业,做全球航运企业的航母。
[Abstract]:As an important carrier of marine transportation, listed shipping enterprises have provided a strong guarantee for the development of China's foreign trade and the consolidation of our country's position as a major country in world trade. The development of Chinese shipping enterprises has set a new milestone. According to statistics, the total volume of imports and exports in 2001 was US $509.05 billion, of which the export value was US $266.1 billion and the import value was US $243.55 billion, and in 2008 the total value of imports and exports was US $2.5616 trillion. Of this amount, the export value is 1.4285 trillion US dollars and the import value is 1.1331 trillion dollars.The growth rate of China's foreign trade has been maintained at more than 17 percent for the seventh consecutive year. The total volume of import and export increased 5.02 times, ranking the third in the total world trade in 2008. However, under the influence of the 2008 financial crisis, the listed shipping enterprises of our country have fallen into a cyclical trough, and have been losing money continuously, setting new lows again and again. According to the theory of enterprise competition, this paper constructs the development environment model of listed shipping enterprises in China, summarizes the existing problems of listed shipping enterprises in China, and selects the operating cost and total assets by using DEA analysis method. This paper evaluates the operating efficiency of 15 listed shipping enterprises listed before 2002 as input index, operating income, fixed assets turnover rate as output index, as input index, operating income and turnover rate of fixed assets as output indicators, and the operating efficiency of 15 listed shipping enterprises listed before 2002 is evaluated. Then, by using DEA-Tobit two-stage analysis, we choose the nature of the enterprise, the scale of the enterprise, the economic environment of the enterprise, the human capital of the enterprise, the ratio of assets and liabilities of the enterprise. The six indexes of enterprise equity concentration are used as the influencing factors of enterprise operation efficiency, and the regression analysis is carried out, and the development experience of Maersk Line Shipping Company and Mediterranean Shipping Company is combined with the development experience of Maersk Line Shipping Company and Mediterranean Shipping Company, which are famous shipping giants in the world. It provides reliable basis for the decision makers of shipping enterprises in our country, and points out the direction for the development of shipping industry in the future. Through research and analysis, this paper finds that after decades of reform and opening up, the shipping enterprises of our country have made great progress and have been among the forefront of the world. However, there is still a big gap between Maersk Line, a well-known international shipping company, and Bank of China Shipping Company. Since the 2008 financial crisis, shipping companies have been suffering from poor operation, although technology, policies, and other aspects have been continuously improved and improved. However, the listed shipping enterprises in our country have not improved in recent years. At present, the main problems they face are the poor flexibility and diversity, the single marketing means, the inability to really go out of the country, the unreasonable talent structure, etc. The existence of these problems, coupled with the downturn in the global economy, has led to a state of overcapacity for listed shipping enterprises. The excess capacity largely indicates that the listed shipping industry in China is in a state of inefficient operation. Through empirical analysis, we can clearly understand that the current technical efficiency of listed shipping enterprises in China is 0.868, which belongs to the medium level. The pure technical efficiency value is 0.939, which belongs to the middle and upper level, and the scale efficiency is 0.923, which is also in the middle and upper level. Generally speaking, the level is not very high and needs to be strengthened. According to the efficiency value, we continue to explore the factors that affect the management efficiency of shipping enterprises. We find that the macroeconomic environment, human capital and equity concentration have a positive correlation with the operating efficiency of shipping enterprises, which should be strengthened, while the asset-liability ratio has a negative correlation with the operation of shipping enterprises. Finally, through the analysis of the environment and the enterprises' own problems, this paper puts forward that we should start from the aspects of strengthening the cooperation of the wharf, developing the comprehensive logistics, expanding the channels of investment and financing, and actively developing the fleet, etc. Try to make our listed shipping enterprises become the world first-class shipping enterprises and become the carriers of the global shipping enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：中国海洋大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F552.6;F272

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