城市公交市场化改革问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-14 04:23

本文选题：城市公交 + 市场化改革　；参考：《长安大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国城市公交一直以来都是由政府独家垄断经营，但是近年来，随着经济的发展，城市居民对公交的需求越来越多，所以现有的公交已远远不能满足人们的需求。从20世纪90年代开始，城市公交作为与人们生活最紧密的交通方式也开始在各地进行市场化改革的实践。在改革初期，一度取得了不错的效果，不但解决了城市公交的资金短缺问题，同时服务质量和运营效果也得到了明显的改善。但是这种改革实践经历时间不长，各地的公交又纷纷的被收归国有。到底是市场化不适合公交行业，还是其它方面的问题导致了市场化改革的失败，城市公交市场化改革究竟该何去何从，成为理论界关注的热点。本文在借鉴国内外研究成果的基础上，，基于公共选择理论、新公共管理理论、委托代理理论与公共产品属性理论，对我国城市公交市场化改革问题进行研究。详细分析了公交市场化改革的必要性以及改革中易出现的问题，通过对比分析，选择出一种适合我国具体情况的城市公交市场化改革模式，并给出相应的对策建议，以期推进我国城市公交行业市场化改革的顺利进行。本文主要采用文献研究、实证研究、规范研究等方法进行研究。全文共分为六大部分，第一部分阐述了城市公交市场化的背景与意义，国内外的研究概况。第二部分对城市公交市场化改革的相关概念进行界定，并介绍了相关的理论基础。第三部分进行了具体的实证分析，通过分析国内外典型城市的改革实践，得出国内公交市场化改革的必要性。第四部分详尽的分析了我国在城市公交市场化改革中易出现的各种问题，并分析了为什么会出现这样的问题。第五部分根据现存问题和我国的具体情况，给出一种适合我国公交行业市场化改革的模式，为了保证该模式的顺利实施，并给出了相应的对策建议。第六部分给出了研究结论以及展望。城市公交的市场化在我国还处于摸索阶段，只要坚持正确的方向，并配之有效的改革措施，我国公交行业一定能走出改革的困境。
[Abstract]:Urban public transport in China has always been monopolized by the government, but in recent years, with the development of economy, urban residents' demand for public transport is increasing, so the existing public transport has been far from meeting the needs of people.Since 1990s, urban public transport, as the closest transportation mode to people's life, has also started to carry on the practice of market-oriented reform in various places.In the early stage of the reform, good results were obtained, which not only solved the problem of capital shortage of urban public transport, but also improved the service quality and operation effect obviously.But this kind of reform practice experience is not long, the local public transport is nationalized one after another.Whether the marketization is not suitable for the public transport industry, or other aspects of the problem has led to the failure of market-oriented reform, urban transit market-oriented reform has become the focus of attention in the theoretical circle.Based on the theory of public choice, the theory of new public management, the theory of principal-agent and the theory of attribute of public products, this paper studies the marketization reform of urban public transport in China based on the domestic and foreign research results.This paper analyzes in detail the necessity of the market-oriented reform of public transport and the problems that are easy to appear in the reform. Through the comparative analysis, the author selects a kind of market-oriented reform mode of urban public transport which is suitable for the specific situation of our country, and puts forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.In order to promote China's urban transit industry market-oriented reform of the smooth progress.This article mainly uses the literature research, the empirical research, the norm research and so on method carries on the research.This paper is divided into six parts. The first part expounds the background and significance of the marketization of urban public transport and the research situation at home and abroad.The second part defines the relevant concepts of urban transit marketization reform, and introduces the relevant theoretical basis.The third part carries on the concrete demonstration analysis, through the analysis domestic and foreign typical city reform practice, obtains the domestic public transportation marketization reform necessity.The fourth part of the detailed analysis of our country in the urban transit market reform easy to appear a variety of problems, and analysis of why there are such problems.The fifth part, according to the existing problems and the concrete situation of our country, gives a model suitable for the market-oriented reform of the public transport industry in our country, in order to ensure the smooth implementation of the model, and gives the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.The sixth part gives the research conclusions and prospects.The marketization of urban public transport is still in the groping stage in our country. As long as we insist on the correct direction and match the effective reform measures, the public transport industry of our country will certainly get out of the predicament of reform.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F572

【参考文献】