降低中国民航业碳排放数量的政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-16 11:30

本文选题：民航 + 碳排放　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来,中国民航业运输总周转量以年均15%以上的速度增长。但是,民航业的飞速发展也带来了航油消耗量不断增加。近几年,航油消耗量以年均10%以上速度增长。随着国际石油价格的高涨,我国民航企业航油成本激增,已占到了主营业务成本的四成左右。同时,随着工业活动排放的二氧化碳对气候造成的恶劣的影响,人类对气候问题越发关注。英国于2003年首次提出低碳经济的概念,随后,低碳经济的发展理念成为主导世界经济发展和政治走向的关键因素。低碳经济是以低污染,低排放,低耗能为特征的经济模式,强调资源的高效利用并积极寻找可替代绿色能源。在这种时代背景下,航空业因其增长速度过快,国际性强,其温室气体的排放问题受到公众的普遍关注。随着欧盟将航空业纳入其排放交易体系,全球航空业均在积极寻找低碳发展策略,以应对此措施给各国航空业带来的巨大成本压力。这样,航空业的低碳发展已成为一种国际性的大趋势,在低碳经济时代,谁能在低碳发展上抢得先机,便会在未来的发展中取得核心竞争力。在哥本哈根会议上中国政府第一次对全世界公开承诺量化减排指标,决定到2020年单位国内生产总值温室气体排放比2005年下降40%—45%。在这种背景下,中国民航业为了应对欧盟排放交易体系给其带来的巨大冲击,贯彻国家低碳发展的战略目标,必须积极探索适合中国国情的低碳发展策略,积极履行企业社会责任,采取切实可行的节能减排措施,打造中国的绿色民航业。但是,国内对中国民航业低碳发展缺乏系统的研究,大多停留在对欧盟航空排放交易体系的解读之上,缺乏全面的应对建议和措施。本文在此背景下,从我国目前航空业低碳发展的现状出发,对民航业低碳发展的可行性和必要性进行分析,找出制约我国民航业低碳发展运营的技术性因素和体制性因素,并提出了相应的对策。本文同时对国际气候政策制度的演变和发展进行了梳理,描述了当前国际气候政策变化对航空业的影响,以民航业发展的历程和现状为背景,从航空公司,空管和机场三方面对中国民航业的低碳发展现状及面临的困难做出详细说明,提出了政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the total turnover of China's civil aviation industry has increased at an average annual rate of more than 15%.However, the rapid development of the civil aviation industry has also brought about an increase in aviation oil consumption.In recent years, aviation oil consumption at an average annual rate of more than 10% growth.With the international oil price rising, the aviation oil cost of civil aviation enterprises in China has increased sharply, accounting for about 40% of the main business costs.At the same time, with the adverse effects of carbon dioxide emissions from industrial activities on the climate, people pay more and more attention to climate problems.Britain first put forward the concept of low-carbon economy in 2003. Subsequently, the concept of low-carbon economy has become the key factor leading the development and political trend of the world economy.Low-carbon economy is an economic model characterized by low pollution, low emission and low energy consumption. It emphasizes the efficient use of resources and actively seeks alternative green energy.Against this background, the aviation industry has attracted widespread public concern because of its rapid growth and strong international growth.With the European Union including the airline industry in its emissions trading system, the global aviation industry is actively looking for a low-carbon development strategy to deal with the huge cost pressure on the national aviation industry.In this way, the development of low-carbon aviation industry has become an international trend, in the era of low-carbon economy, who can catch the first chance in low-carbon development, will achieve core competitiveness in the future development.At the Copenhagen conference, the Chinese government made its first public pledge to the world to quantify emissions, and decided to reduce greenhouse gas emissions per unit of gross domestic product by 40 to 45 percent by 2020 compared with 2005.Against this background, China's civil aviation industry must actively explore low-carbon development strategies suitable for China's national conditions in order to cope with the huge impact of the European Union's emissions trading system and implement the strategic goal of national low-carbon development.Actively fulfill corporate social responsibility, take practical measures to save energy and reduce emissions, to create China's green civil aviation industry.However, there is a lack of systematic research on the low-carbon development of China's civil aviation industry, most of which are based on the interpretation of the European Union's aviation emissions trading system and lack of comprehensive suggestions and measures.Under this background, this paper analyzes the feasibility and necessity of low-carbon development of civil aviation industry, and finds out the technical and institutional factors that restrict the development and operation of low-carbon aviation industry in China.The corresponding countermeasures are put forward.At the same time, this paper combs the evolution and development of the international climate policy system, describes the impact of the current international climate policy changes on the aviation industry, with the development of the civil aviation industry as the background, from the airlines,The status quo and difficulties of low-carbon development of China's civil aviation industry are described in detail in the aspects of air traffic control and airport, and some policy suggestions are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F205;F562.1

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