我国铁路行业引入竞争的规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 17:00

本文选题：铁路行业 + 竞争　；参考：《苏州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统理论认为，由于铁路行业的自然垄断属性、公共性等特征，需要在铁路行业采用垄断经营的模式。在铁路行业发展初期，垄断经营的确有助于铁路行业规模经济效益的实现。然而随着市场经济的发展，垄断经营的弊端日益突出，甚至导致铁路行业出现了经营困境。为摆脱因垄断经营所造成的经营困境，不得不考虑在铁路行业引入竞争、放松规制。西方主要发达国家在解决本国铁路行业经营困境时，根据本国国情，，区分铁路行业的路网业务和运输业务，在铁路行业进行竞争化改革，并逐渐放松对竞争业务的规制。我国铁路行业在过去的几十年中也尝试过数次内部改革，但因历次改革均未触动政企合一的规制管理体系。在政企合一规制管理体制下，规制机构与市场经营主体角色混同，导致行政权力对铁路行业的严格控制，严重制约了我国铁路行业引入竞争的进程。因此需要改革现有规制体系，构建独立规制机构，完善规制制度，为我国铁路行业引入竞争提供健全的制度保障。
[Abstract]:The traditional theory holds that due to the characteristics of the natural monopoly and publicity of the railway industry, it is necessary to adopt the mode of monopoly management in the railway industry. In the early stage of railway industry development, monopoly management is really helpful to realize the scale economic benefit of railway industry. However, with the development of market economy, the malpractice of monopoly management is becoming more and more prominent, even leading to the difficulty of railway industry. In order to get rid of the predicament caused by monopoly, we have to consider introducing competition and loosening regulation in railway industry. The main developed countries in the West, in solving the difficulties of their railway industry, distinguish the railway network business from the transportation business according to their national conditions, carry out competitive reform in the railway industry, and gradually relax the regulation of the competition business. China's railway industry has tried several internal reforms in the past few decades, but the previous reforms have not touched the regulation and management system of the integration of government and enterprises. Under the system of government and enterprise integration regulation and management, the roles of regulatory agencies and market operators are mixed, which leads to the strict control of the railway industry by the administrative power, which seriously restricts the process of introducing competition into the railway industry in our country. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the existing regulatory system, construct independent regulatory institutions, improve the regulatory system, and provide a sound institutional guarantee for the introduction of competition in China's railway industry.
【学位授予单位】：苏州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D922.296;F532

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