中美高速公路发展模式比较研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:27

本文选题：高速公路 + 发展模式　；参考：《北京交通大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在“贷款修路,收费还贷”的高速公路发展模式下,我国高速公路在短短的23年间实现了飞跃式的发展。截止到2011年底,高速公路通车里程达到8.5万公里,居世界第一位。在这种发展模式之下,高速公路建设单位从银行等金融机构贷款为高速公路建设融资,然后通过收取道路通行费来还本付息,到达一定期限之后,高速公路免费向公众开放。然而,随着高速公路的快速发展,我国高速公路债务余额已超过4.5万亿元,并呈不断扩大的趋势。债务负担重、物流成本高的矛盾逐渐显现。美国的州际高速公路是由联邦和州按9：1的比例出资修建,而联邦资金的来源主要是公路信托基金,公路信托基金资金的主要来源是燃油税,即美国主要依靠燃油税完成了国家州际高速公路网的建设。因此,美国的高速公路基本是免费向使用者开放的。受当时经济社会发展水平的限制,“贷款修路,收费还贷”成为我国高速公路发展模式的必然选择。然而,在这种发展模式下,我国出现了高速公路的过度超前发展,随着经济社会发展水平的提高,这种发展模式已经不再适用于我国当前国情,因此,我国应该及时转变高速公路发展模式。本文通过全面分析比较中美两国高速公路发展模式,在借鉴美国高速公路发展经验的基础上,提出我国应当及时转变“贷款修路,收费还贷”这种高速公路发展模式,并提出相应的对策建议。
[Abstract]:Under the highway development mode of "loan road construction, charge payment loan", the expressway of our country has realized the leapfrog development in the short period of 23 years. By the end of 2011, highway traffic mileage reached 85000 km, ranking first in the world. In this development model, highway construction units from banks and other financial institutions to finance the highway construction, and then through the collection of road tolls to repay the interest, after a certain period of time, freeway free open to the public. However, with the rapid development of freeway, the balance of highway debt in China has exceeded 4.5 trillion yuan, and has a trend of expansion. The contradiction of heavy debt burden and high logistics cost appears gradually. The interstate highway in the United States is built on a 9:1 basis by the federal and state governments, while federal funds are mainly financed by the Highway Trust Fund, which is financed mainly by fuel taxes. That is, the United States mainly relies on fuel tax to complete the construction of the national interstate highway network. As a result, highways in the United States are basically free of charge to users. Limited by the level of economic and social development at that time, "building roads with loans and paying back loans" has become the inevitable choice of highway development mode in China. However, in this kind of development mode, our country appeared the highway excessive advance development, along with the economic and social development level enhancement, this kind of development pattern no longer applies to our country present situation, therefore, Our country should change the highway development mode in time. Based on the comprehensive analysis and comparison of the highway development models between China and the United States, and on the basis of drawing lessons from the experience of the highway development in the United States, this paper puts forward that China should change the highway development mode of "building roads with loans and paying back loans for fees" in time. And put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F542;F547.12

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