激励机制下公交补贴测算及评价指标体系研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 15:20

本文选题：公共交通 + 激励机制　；参考：《华南理工大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着城市化进程的加快及机动化水平的提高，城市交通拥堵、停车难、环境污染、交通事故等问题不断凸显。优先发展城市公共交通是缓解城市交通问题的重要方法。城市公共交通具有公益性和经营性双重特征。一方面，作为城市基础设施的重要组成部分，公益性是其根本属性，公交线路的规划及票价的制定必须满足居民出行需求；另一方面，公交企业为了实现自身利益最大化，，必须独立核算其运营成本，为企业发展谋取更多的利益。公共交通低票价的实施必然导致公交企业的亏损，政府应对其政策性亏损给予补贴。由于公交企业与政府间信息不对称，企业运营信息难以透明化，政府难以界定企业的政策性亏损和经营性亏损。补贴额往往根据企业的上年度运营成本及申报的本年度运营计划，通过双方协商确定。由于缺乏明确的补贴测算方法和对补贴效率的考核评价机制，造成公交补贴额的不断增长，而服务质量不断下降的恶性循环。本文首先对现有的公交财政补贴测算方法进行了总结；在分析城市公交企业与政府间委托代理关系的基础上，建立了基于激励机制的综合公交补贴模型；同时，建立了激励机制下的公交补贴率考核评价指标体系。通过本文模型的建立及评价指标体系的建立，能够促使公交企业提高服务质量和申报的诚实度。有利于减轻政府的财政压力和公共交通的可持续发展。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization and the improvement of motorization level, urban traffic congestion, parking difficulties, environmental pollution, traffic accidents and other problems have been highlighted. Giving priority to the development of urban public transport is an important way to alleviate urban traffic problems. Urban public transport has the dual characteristics of public welfare and management. On the one hand, as an important part of urban infrastructure, public welfare is its fundamental attribute, the planning of bus routes and the formulation of fares must meet the travel needs of residents; on the other hand, in order to maximize their own interests, public transport enterprises, Must calculate its operation cost independently, seek more benefits for enterprise development. The implementation of low fares of public transport will inevitably lead to the loss of public transport enterprises, and the government should subsidize its policy losses. Because of the asymmetry of information between the public transport enterprise and the government, it is difficult for the government to define the policy loss and the operating loss of the enterprise. The amount of subsidy is usually determined through consultation between the two parties according to the operating cost of the last year and the declared annual business plan. Due to the lack of clear subsidy measurement method and evaluation mechanism of subsidy efficiency, the amount of public transport subsidy is increasing and the service quality is declining. Firstly, this paper summarizes the existing methods of calculating the public transport financial subsidy. On the basis of analyzing the relationship between the public transport enterprises and the government, it establishes a comprehensive bus subsidy model based on the incentive mechanism. The evaluation index system of bus subsidy rate under incentive mechanism is established. Through the establishment of this model and the establishment of evaluation index system, the public transport enterprises can improve the quality of service and the honesty of declaration. It is beneficial to reduce the financial pressure of the government and the sustainable development of public transport.
【学位授予单位】：华南理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F572;F224

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