我国城市道路交通拥堵的成本测算及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 17:15

本文选题：城市道路交通 + 负外部性　；参考：《大连海事大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着可持续发展思想的不断延伸,城市道路交通负外部性的问题得到越来越多的重视。尤其是在我国城市机动车保有量持续高速增长的背景下,城市道路交通拥堵问题越来越严重。官方统计数据显示,全国660多个城市中,超过有三分之二的城市已经出现明显的交通拥堵现象。不仅仅是一线大城市,近年来许多二三线城市,也都出现了不同程度的交通拥堵问题,给人民的生活、工作带来诸多不便,也造成了许多拥堵成本,增加了城市的运行成本。而目前我国对于城市道路交通拥堵成本的测算方法仍然存在一些不足,受限于统计数据的局限性在测算过程中忽略了部分影响因素的影响。亟需一种综合考虑的符合我国国情的测算方法的指导,来为统计机构数据统计提供参考,同时也为拥堵这一负外部性内部化垫定基础。基于以上研究背景及目的,论文研究内容主要包括以下四部分：第一部分(第一章、第二章),主要阐述了本文的研究背景及意义、国内外研究综述以及研究思路,在此基础上,明确了外部性相关概念及特征与分类,并对外部性及外部性内部化相关理论进行论述。第二部分(第三章),在对城市道路交通拥堵问题的现状及原因分析的基础上明确了交通拥堵的判定标准以及拥堵成本的构成。交通拥堵除了给出行者增加额外时间损失以外,也降低了整个社会的经济效率。由于拥堵而造成机动车处于低速驾驶状态并且频繁地加减速,由此造成机动车燃油消耗的增加,也会增加由于机动车行驶而产生的大气污染物的排放量。同时,在拥堵的情况下由于等待时间的延长会产生令司机以及乘客疲惫、烦躁的心情成本。而在拥堵缩小车辆间间距的同时,心情的烦躁会再一次增加交通事故发生的概率。并分别对各类拥堵成本的测算方法进行了研究。第三部分(第四章、第五章),在前文分析的基础上,结合我国城市道路交通发展现状以及拥堵原因和拥堵成本测算的分析,从完善监测体系、发展公共交通、实现外部成本内部化以及合理交通规划等方面对我国我国城市道路交通拥堵问题提出对策建议。并在对全文研究综合评价的基础上对下一步研究进行了展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of sustainable development, more and more attention has been paid to the negative externality of urban road traffic. Especially under the background of the continuous rapid growth of urban motor vehicle ownership, urban road traffic congestion problem is becoming more and more serious. Official statistics show that more than 2/3 of the country's more than 660 cities have experienced significant traffic jams. In recent years, there are many traffic congestion problems in many second and third tier cities, which bring inconveniences to people's life and work, and cause a lot of congestion cost, which increase the running cost of the city. However, at present, there are still some deficiencies in the calculation of urban road traffic congestion cost in China, which is limited by the limitation of statistical data and neglects the influence of some factors in the calculation process. In order to provide a reference for statistical agency statistics and to lay the foundation for the internalization of the negative externality congestion is in urgent need of a comprehensive consideration of the calculation method in accordance with the national conditions of our country. Based on the above research background and purpose, the main contents of this paper include the following four parts: The first part (chapter one, chapter two), mainly expounds the research background and significance of this paper, the domestic and foreign research summary and the research thought, on this basis, has clarified the externality correlation concept, the characteristic and the classification, The related theories of externality and externality internalization are also discussed. The second part (Chapter 3), on the basis of analyzing the present situation and reason of urban road traffic congestion, defines the criterion of traffic congestion and the composition of congestion cost. Traffic jams not only add extra time loss to travelers, but also reduce the economic efficiency of the whole society. Because of the traffic congestion, the motor vehicle is in the low speed driving state and frequently accelerating and decelerating, which results in the increase of the motor vehicle fuel consumption and the increase of the emission of the air pollutants caused by the motor vehicle driving. At the same time, prolonged waiting times in congested conditions can cause drivers and passengers to feel tired and irritable. While congestion reduces the distance between vehicles, mood irritability once again increases the probability of traffic accidents. The calculation methods of various congestion costs are studied respectively. The third part (chapter four, chapter five, on the basis of the previous analysis, combined with the analysis of the current situation of urban road traffic development, congestion reasons and congestion cost measurement, from the improvement of monitoring system, the development of public transport, To realize the internalization of external cost and reasonable traffic planning, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on the traffic congestion of urban roads in China. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the full-text research, the future research is prospected.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F572;F224

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