常规公交票价公平性评价方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 11:22

本文选题：公交票价公平性 + 成本回收率　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：常规公交票价的公平性是近年来我国票价改革及可持续交通讨论的热点问题。但是现行的各种票制其公平程度究竟如何,目前国内尚未有学者或者科研机构提出关于常规公交票价公平性的评价方法,而国外学者提出的票价公平性比较分析法必须基于丰富、详实的数据和多样化的票制,但是国内公交票价的研究却恰好面临着数据缺乏和票制单一的现实。因此对于我国学者来说,迫切需要提出一种适合我国常规公交现状的票价公平性评价方法。本文从资源、成本和群体公平的角度入手,提出了一种只需乘客IC卡、车辆GPS以及相关统计年鉴的数据就可以对某一种票制单独进行定量评价、分析的公交票价公平性评价方法。首先,本文在综合研究国内外相关研究成果的基础上,从公交乘客所得与应付、公交企业所付与应得、公交乘客群体交叉补贴比例协调的角度对票价公平的内涵进行了界定。并将票价公平分为资源公平、成本公平和群体公平,其中资源被赋予了新的含义,即乘车机会和乘车空间。在确定评价指标时,本文首先计算了各影响因素对于票价公平性的灵敏程度,根据计算结果排除灵敏度较差的因素。在此基础上,结合公平性的内涵和指标选取原则,分别从资源、成本和群体公平的角度提出了高峰时段车辆服务系数、高峰时段乘客周转率、票价基尼系数、价格膨胀系数、基于距离的交叉补贴率和基于时间的交叉补贴率六个指标,并给出了各指标的计算方法和评价等级标准。在确定评价模型时,通过对常用的综合评价方法的比较与分析,发现物元可拓模型结果量化且内涵非常丰富的特点与票价公平性对评价结果的需求相吻合,因此本文将物元可拓模型应用于票价公平性的评价当中。并采用AHP-熵权法来降低指标权重时,单一赋权法的主、客观影响。最后,以苏州204线路的单一票制为例,对本文提出的常规公交票价公平性评价方法进行检验。结果表明苏州204线路单一票制的公平等级为“较不公平”,与该线路实际运营的公平性分析结果非常吻合,验证了本文所提出方法的可行性与科学性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the fairness of bus fare is a hot issue in the reform of ticket price and sustainable transportation in China. However, how fair is the current ticket system? at present, no scholars or scientific research institutions have put forward a method to evaluate the fairness of bus fares. The comparative analysis of ticket price fairness proposed by foreign scholars must be based on rich, detailed data and diversified ticket system, but the study of domestic bus ticket price is just facing the lack of data and the single reality of ticket system. Therefore, for Chinese scholars, there is an urgent need to put forward a fare fairness evaluation method suitable for the status quo of conventional public transport in China. From the angle of resource, cost and group fairness, this paper puts forward a kind of data of passenger IC card, vehicle GPS and related statistical yearbook, which can be used to evaluate a certain vote system separately and quantitatively. Analysis of bus fare fairness evaluation method. First of all, on the basis of comprehensive research results at home and abroad, this paper defines the connotation of fare fairness from the perspective of bus passenger income and management, bus enterprise pay and due, bus passenger cross-subsidy proportion coordination. The fairness of ticket price is divided into resource equity, cost equity and group equity, in which resources are given new meanings, that is, ride opportunity and travel space. In determining the evaluation index, this paper first calculates the sensitivity of each factor to the fairness of ticket price, and excludes the factor of poor sensitivity according to the result of calculation. On this basis, combined with the connotation of fairness and the principle of index selection, this paper puts forward the service coefficient of vehicles, passenger turnover, Gini coefficient of ticket price and price expansion coefficient in rush hour from the angle of resource, cost and group fairness, respectively. There are six indexes of distance based cross subsidy rate and time based cross subsidy rate, and the calculation method and evaluation grade standard of each index are given. In determining the evaluation model, through the comparison and analysis of the common comprehensive evaluation methods, it is found that the quantification and rich connotation of the results of the matter-element extension model are consistent with the demand of the fare fairness for the evaluation results. Therefore, the matter-element extension model is applied to the evaluation of fare fairness. AHP- entropy weight method is used to reduce the weight of the index, the subjective and objective effects of the single weighting method are discussed. Finally, taking the single ticket system of Suzhou 204 as an example, the fairness evaluation method of bus fare proposed in this paper is tested. The results show that the single ticket system of Suzhou 204 line is "relatively unfair", which is in good agreement with the analysis results of the fairness of the line, which verifies the feasibility and scientific nature of the method proposed in this paper.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F572

【引证文献】