PPP模式在我国高速铁路建设中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 20:50

本文选题：PPP模式 + 高速铁路　；参考：《东北财经大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：铁路是重要的基础设施,在我国交通体系中占有重要地位。随着我国经济社会的高速发展,我国铁路运输供不应求的事实日趋显现。据统计从1978年至2010年我国铁路营运里程年均增长率仅为1.8%,这远落后于我国GDP的增长。为了缓解这种供求失衡的局面,我国大力发展高速铁路建设。在短短几年里,我国高速铁路立足于自主创新,实现了跨越式发展,无论是高速铁路营运里程还是高速铁路技术方面,我国均居于世界前列。预计到2012年,我国铁路营业里程将达到11万公里以上,其中新建高速铁路将达到1.3万公里。但是由于我国铁路建设资金来源单一,主要以国家财政资金和债务资金为主,而高速铁路建设成本高昂,每公里造价高达亿元以上,我国高速铁路建设资金供求矛盾日益凸显,巨量资金缺口将阻碍我国高速铁路的发展。我国是一个高储蓄率的国家,伴随着居民收入水平的不断提高,我国城乡居民存款也会大幅度增长。据统计,截止到2011年末,我国全部金融机构本外币存款余额为82.7万亿人民币。若能将充足的民间资本引入到我国高速铁路项目中,我国高速铁路建设资金不足的问题便能得到缓解。而PPP模式可以实现民间资本与高速铁路建设之间的对接。PPP模式是指政府公共部门与私人部门为提供公共产品或服务而建立的某一种合作伙伴关系。通过PPP模式,将私营企业和民间资本引入到我国高速铁路建设中,这样不仅能解决我国高速铁路建设资金不足的问题,而且还能利用私营企业先进的技术和管理方法来提升我国高速铁路的运营效率,提高社会资源的利用率。因此,将PPP模式应用到我国高速铁路项目中具有重要的现实意义。本文共分为五大部分,各部分的内容包括：第一部分：绪论。介绍本文的研究背景、研究意义、国内外研究现状以及本文的研究思路与框架结构。第二部分：基本概念及相关理论基础。包括PPP模式的涵义、PPP模式的特点和PPP模式的运作思路以及PPP模式应用于高速铁路建设的理论基础。第三部分：PPP模式在高速铁路建设中应用的必要性和可行性分析。必要性主要从两方面进行分析：一是从高速铁路建设资金的供给与需求角度,二是从风险控制和资源配置方面。可行性主要从三方面来分析：一是充足的民间资本,二是良好的政策环境,三是基于合作理念的“双赢”或“多赢”机制。第四部分：国外高速铁路应用PPP模式的现状及对我国的启示。首先介绍了日本、法国、美国和西班牙四个国家国内高速铁路PPP模式应用的现状。接着归纳了运作高速铁路PPP项目成熟的这些国家经验对我国的启示：融资渠道的多元化、规范的法律法规、政企分离和路网分离、平等原则选择合作对象。第五部分：PPP模式在我国高速铁路建设中的运作方式、障碍及建议。首先介绍了PPP模式下的八种运作模式,并从适用范围和政府参与程度两方面做了比较,在结合我国国情下指出了我国高速铁路项目适合的具体模式；接着分析了PPP模式在我国高速铁路建设应用中的障碍：私营企业的顾虑、法律障碍、铁路系统政企不分和专业人才与机构的缺乏；最后提出了六条相应的政策建议,比如建立健全相关法律法规、加快铁路投融资体制改革和铁路管理体制改革等等。
[Abstract]:Railway is an important infrastructure and occupies an important position in the transportation system of our country. With the rapid development of our country's economy and society, the fact that the supply of railway transportation is not in short supply is becoming more and more obvious. According to statistics, the annual average growth rate of railway operation in China from 1978 to 2010 is only 1.8%, which is far behind the growth of GDP in China. In the situation of imbalance between supply and demand, China has vigorously developed the construction of high-speed railway. In a few short years, China's high-speed railway is based on independent innovation and has achieved leapfrog development. Both the high speed railway and high-speed railway technology are in the forefront of the world. It is expected that by 2012, the railway operating mileage of our country will reach 110 thousand kilometers. On the other hand, the new high speed railway will reach 13 thousand kilometers. However, because of the single source of capital in China's railway construction, the main financial capital and debt capital are the state finance, and the high speed railway construction cost is high and the cost per kilometre is above billion yuan. The contradiction between the supply and demand of the high speed railway construction in China is becoming increasingly prominent, and the huge amount of funds will be blocked. The development of China's high speed railway.
China is a country with high savings rate. With the continuous improvement of residents' income level, China's urban and rural residents' deposits will increase greatly. According to statistics, by the end of 2011, the balance of foreign currency deposits of all financial institutions in China is 82 trillion and 700 billion RMB. The problem of insufficient funds for high speed railway construction can be alleviated. The PPP model can realize the docking.PPP model between private capital and high speed railway construction, which refers to a certain partnership between the public sector and the private sector for the provision of public goods or services. Through the PPP model, private enterprises and private capital are introduced. In the construction of China's high speed railway, it can not only solve the problem of insufficient funds for the construction of high speed railway in our country, but also can use advanced technology and management methods of private enterprises to improve the operation efficiency of China's high speed railway and improve the utilization of social resources. Therefore, the application of PPP model to China's high speed railway project is heavy. The realistic meaning of it.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part: introduction. It introduces the research background, significance, research status at home and abroad, and the framework and structure of the research.
The second part: the basic concept and the related theoretical basis, including the meaning of the PPP model, the characteristics of the PPP model and the operation ideas of the PPP mode, as well as the theoretical basis of the application of the PPP model to the construction of high speed railway.
The third part: the necessity and feasibility analysis of the application of PPP mode in the construction of high speed railway. The necessity is mainly analyzed from two aspects: first, from the angle of the supply and demand of the construction funds of the high speed railway, the two is from the risk control and the allocation of resources. The feasibility is mainly analyzed from the three sides: the first is the sufficient folk capital, two It is a good policy environment, and the three is a win-win or multi win mechanism based on the concept of cooperation.
The fourth part: the present situation of the application of PPP mode in foreign high speed railway and the enlightenment to our country. First, it introduces the current situation of the application of the PPP mode of high speed railway in Japan, France, the United States and Spain. Then the Enlightenment of these national experiences on the operation of the mature PPP project of the high speed railway is summed up: the diversification of the financing channels and the regulation of the financing channels. Fan's laws and regulations, separation of government from enterprises and separation of road network, and principle of equality choose partners.
The fifth part: the operation mode of PPP mode in China's high speed railway construction, obstacles and suggestions. First, it introduces eight modes of operation under the mode of PPP, and compares the application range and the two aspects of the government participation, and points out the specific mode suitable for the high-speed railway project in our country, and then analyzes the PPP model. The obstacles in the construction and application of the high speed railway in China: the concerns of the private enterprises, the legal obstacles, the lack of the railway system and the lack of professional talents and institutions; finally, six corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, such as establishing and improving the relevant laws and regulations, speeding up the reform of the railway investment and financing system and the reform of the railway management system and so on.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F283;F532

【参考文献】