我国城市轨道交通中的政府补贴问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 20:04

本文选题：城市轨道交通 + 外部效应　；参考：《河南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国的城市发展已然到了一个鼎盛的时期，不论从中国城市发展的规模、城市经济模式的进程来看，都表明我国的城市发展已经与国际大都市的发展齐头并进。一个城市的发展需要依靠政策扶持、引进外资，形成一个经济规模圈，共享城市的人文风采，推动城市向经济政治文明多元化发展。城市是微观主体的话，那个这些微观主体便组成了国家，国家是一个复杂的系统，从政治、经济、文化等多个方面纵向延伸，在每一个不同的领域行使国家职能。组成国家的这些城市，他们的发展趋势会牵一发而动全身，间接的影响着国家未来的发展。交通一直是制约一个城市发展的最为重要因素之一，因为我国建国早期对于城市群规划没有前瞻性，很多大中城市的交通网络在经济迅速发展的今天逐现弊端。随着城市化进程的加快，人们对于地域概念的弱化，越来越多的人们奔向了资源相对丰富，竞争更激烈的大城市发展，有竞争的地方便有更多的机会，因此人口数量迅猛的增加；加上公众生活水平的提高，私家车的剧增，这些都给城市的发展带来了路与交通、能源消耗、环境污染这些问题；随着我国城镇化规模的建立，需要迫切的建立能承载更多交通服务的交通方式，因为城市轨道交通的发展是顺应时代的发展，，响应了城市发展和公众要求应运而生的。纵观这几年中国城市轨道的发展历程，我们可以得知我国的的城市轨道交通已进入到了一个快速发展的阶段。城市轨道交通由于其特殊性，是一项投资巨大、规模周期长、回报周期长的系统性项目，还具有准公共物品的属性，属于城市的基础设施，也能帮助政府实现政治经济目标。在投资建设这方面来说，基本上来说，由于项目前期投资数额巨大，轨道交通基本上是以政府为主导性来进行的工程，建设资金也是由政府承担，后期的运营交由地铁运营公司。但是由于城市轨道交通的正外部性加上不以盈利为目的的低票价策略，便存在着政策性亏损，因此政府有责任给予经营补贴。现今从各城市的轨道交通，不论是运营还是建设经营的现状来看，轨道交通仍旧处于政府补贴的状态。从另一个方面来看，鉴于各个城市间的经济社会发展水平、政府的财政支付能力是各不相同的，在这其中便应存在着一个客观的、符合实际的补贴机制问题。本文本着从实际出发，对城市轨道交通发展历程进行简要叙述。首先是摆正城市轨道交通的定位，城市轨道交通对城市经济的积极作用以及城市轨道交通的准公共物品性、外部性以及政策性低价性等因素决定了城市轨道交通必然需要政府的补贴，本文将补贴模式分为基础设施投资补贴和运营补贴两阶段，根据国内外城市轨道交通补贴的现状，分析我国城市轨道交通政府补贴存在的三个方面的问题，针对这些提供了比较切合实际的、可操作性强的补贴模式建议。在文章的结尾，针对城市轨道交通的发展，提出了一些政策建议，以促进城市轨道交通在将来更好更快的发展，进一步的带动城市的经济发展。
[Abstract]:The development of China's urban development has reached a period of great prosperity. No matter from the scale of China's urban development and the process of urban economic model, the development of China's urban development has been in parallel with the development of international metropolises. The development of a city needs to rely on policy support, introduce foreign capital, form an economic scale, and share the city. The city is the cultural diversity of the city, promoting the pluralistic development of the city to the economic and political civilization. The city is the microcosmic subject, and the micro bodies constitute the country. The state is a complex system, extending from many aspects, such as politics, economy and culture, and exercising the state function in every different field. The development trend of our country will lead to the whole body and influence the future development of the country indirectly. The traffic has been one of the most important factors that restrict the development of a city, because China has not foreseed the planning of urban agglomeration in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, and the traffic network of many large and medium-sized cities has the disadvantage of the rapid development of the economy. With the acceleration of the process and the weakening of the regional concept, more and more people are moving towards the development of a large city with relatively rich resources, more competitive and more competitive places, and the rapid increase in the population number, the increase of the public living standard and the increase of private cars, all of which have brought about the development of the city. The road and traffic, energy consumption, environmental pollution and other problems, with the establishment of the scale of urbanization in China, it is necessary to establish an urgent way to carry more traffic services, because the development of urban rail transit is complying with the development of the times, responding to the development of the city and the demands of the public.
Looking at the development course of China's urban track in recent years, we can learn that the urban rail transit in China has entered a rapid development stage. Because of its particularity, urban rail transit is a systematic item of large investment, long period of scale, long return cycle, and a property of quasi public goods, which belongs to the city. The infrastructure can also help the government to achieve the political and economic goals. In this respect, basically, because of the huge amount of investment in the early stage of the project, the rail transportation is basically carried out by the government, the construction funds are also undertaken by the government, and the operation of the later period is made by the subway operation company. But because of the urban rail, it is due to the urban rail. The positive externality of the road traffic and the low fare strategy, which is not for the purpose of profit, have a policy loss, so the government is responsible for the subsidy. From the current status of the urban rail transit, whether it is operating or construction and operation, the rail transit is still in the state of government subsidy.
On the other hand, in view of the level of economic and social development between cities, the government's financial capacity to pay is different. In this case, there should be an objective and practical subsidy mechanism. This text is a brief account of the course of urban rail transit development. The position of rail transit, the active role of urban rail transit to the city economy, the quasi public goods, the externality and the low price of the urban rail transit determine that the urban rail transit must be subsidized by the government. In this paper, the subsidy mode is divided into two stages: the basic investment subsidy and the operation subsidy, according to the country. The present situation of the urban rail transit subsidy in China and the outside city, analyses the three aspects of the government subsidy in urban rail transit in China, and provides a relatively practical and operable subsidy model. At the end of the article, some policy suggestions are put forward to promote the urban rail transit. Through better and faster development in the future, we will further promote the economic development of cities.
【学位授予单位】：河南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：D630;F572

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