基于收益管理的班列车位分配问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-24 06:05

本文选题：收益管理 + 五定班列　；参考：《清华大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国铁路的货运长期以来受线路能力制约，运能非常紧张，经常出现有货源却运不出的情况，形成一车难求的局面。随着近年来国家对铁路投资的增加，主要铁路干线将实现客货分线运输，货运能力将得到充分释放。与此同时，一些地区由于公路和水路的激烈竞争，铁路部门为吸引货源或避免货源流失，一方面加大五定班列的组织力度，另一方面对拥有大批量稳定货源的客户实行了运价下浮政策，以保持市场占有率。面对实行不同价格政策的客户，铁路现场作业人员在运力分配中较为常用的做法一种是是简单地“一刀切”，，平均分配，虽然表面公平，但对中小客户有利，总体效益略高，却影响了货源的稳定，易损害大客户利益，造成货源流失；另一种做法是完全向大客户倾斜，基础运量得到稳定，但中小客户的需求几乎得不到满足且总体效益较低，铁路的公益性也容易受到公众的质疑，影响铁路的声誉。两种传统做法的缺点都是没有解决好公平性与效益的矛盾，那么铁路运输的组织者应当思考采用一种较为科学的分配方式运用好铁路的运力资源，最大程度地满足客户需求并最大化的实现运输收益，兼顾公平与效益，这就是本文要探讨的一个现实而迫切的问题。本文综合评述了收益管理理论在国内外交通领域的研究与运用现状，简要介绍了国内铁路货运五定班列的有关规章和开行状况，通过分析成都-上海集装箱五定班列车位分配问题，利用边际分析和整数规划方法，初步建立了基于收益管理的铁路五定班列车位分配模型。实验数据表明，与传统的人工凭经验的车位分配方式相比，利用班列车位分配模型计算的分配方案较好地实现了公平原则上有限运力的收益最大化，同时克服了人工分配的随意性，具有一定的创新性和实用性。基于收益管理的班列车位分配模型对于其它领域的资源和能力分配问题同样有一定的借鉴意义，尤其是在全球一体化加剧，全球资源日益紧张的今天，如何对资源进行有效地配置，用于更需要的领域，产生更好的效益，这种尝试显得更有现实意义。
[Abstract]:Railway freight transportation in our country has long been restricted by the line capacity, and the transportation capacity is very tight. Often, there are sources of goods but can not be transported out, forming a difficult situation. With the increase of national investment in railway in recent years, the main railway lines will realize passenger and cargo transport, and the freight capacity will be fully released. At the same time, due to the fierce competition between roads and waterways in some regions, in order to attract or avoid the loss of goods, the railway departments have, on the one hand, stepped up the organization of the five scheduled shifts. On the other hand, to maintain the market share, the customers with a large and stable supply of goods have carried out the tariff reduction policy. In the face of customers with different price policies, one of the more commonly used methods for railway field operators in capacity distribution is to simply "cut across the board" and distribute equally. Although it is fair on the surface, it is beneficial to small and medium-sized customers, and the overall benefit is slightly higher. However, it affects the stability of the source of goods, easily impairs the interests of the large customers, and results in the loss of the source of goods. Another approach is to completely tilt to the large customers and stabilize the basic transportation volume, but the demand of the small and medium-sized customers is almost unsatisfied and the overall benefits are low. The public welfare of the railway is also easy to be questioned by the public, affecting the reputation of the railway. The shortcomings of the two traditional approaches are that they have not solved the contradiction between fairness and benefit, so the organizers of railway transportation should consider using a more scientific way of distributing railway capacity resources. It is a realistic and urgent problem to meet the needs of customers to maximize the revenue of transportation and to take equity and benefit into account. This is a realistic and urgent problem to be discussed in this paper. In this paper, the research and application of revenue management theory in the field of transportation at home and abroad are comprehensively reviewed, and the relevant regulations and operating conditions of domestic railway freight transport are briefly introduced. Based on the analysis of Chengdu-Shanghai container five fixed class parking space allocation model based on revenue management is established by using marginal analysis and integer programming method. The experimental data show that, compared with the traditional manual parking allocation method, the allocation scheme calculated by using the shift parking space allocation model can realize the maximization of the benefits of limited capacity in principle. At the same time, it overcomes the randomness of manual distribution, and has some innovation and practicability. The allocation model based on income management can also be used for reference in other fields of resource and capacity allocation, especially in today when global integration intensifies and global resources become increasingly tight. How to allocate resources effectively and use them in areas that need more to produce better benefits is of more practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：U294.1

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