航空乘务员机型执照规划与签派员生产规划研究
发布时间：2018-08-16 08:24
【摘要】：近年来,随着国民经济的迅速发展及航空市场的逐步开放,航空运输量和飞行范围日益扩大,民航运输飞行安全管理的工作越来越重要。影响航空运行安全的因素涉及飞行器/飞行辅助设备等硬件设备的可靠性技术因素、人员培训体制/各种规章和程序等人为因素、组织和管理因素等,但其中最关键的因素是：“人”。加强对“人”的管理,其关键在于对飞行安全链条上所涉及的关键技术人才的管理。航空公司飞行安全链条上涉及的主要运行业务环节有飞行员、客舱服务、地面保障、机务工程和维修、运行控制。本文以客舱服务及运行控制部门的关键技术人才：客舱乘务员和飞行签派员为研究对象,从安全角度出发,研究客舱乘务员的机型执照规划问题和飞行签派员生产规划相关的一系列问题。本文的主要研究内容如下： 一、针对航空乘务员,分别基于生产保障度最大与乘务员人均收益均衡目标,在满足生产任务需求、乘务员服务机型数量限制的条件下,研究乘务员机型执照规划问题,确定每个机型执照组合的乘务员人数。这里,机型执照组合指乘务员持有的机型执照种类的集合。本文将乘务员机型执照规划问题分解为乘务员需求估计及乘务员机型执照配置优化两个问题,并主要研究乘务员机型执照优化配置问题,该问题细分为下面两个研究内容： (1)生产保障度最大目标下,乘务员服务机型数量限制的乘务员机型执照配置优化问题。生产保障度是机型执照方案对生产运行保障度的评价指标,生产保障度越大,该机型执照规划方案越能应对未来生产的波动性。 (2)乘务员人均收益均衡目标下,满足生产保障度和乘务员服务机型数量限制约束的乘务员机型执照配置优化问题。乘务员人均收益均衡是机型执照方案对乘务员个人收益差异的影响指标。 二、针对飞行签派员,研究的主要内容有： (1)对飞行签派员的工作负荷进行刻画,得到签派工作负荷的高峰时段、分析具有较高峰值负荷签派席位处理的航班组成状况,为合理分配航线提供支持。 (2)将签派放行席位的工作劳动强度用该席位单位时段的工作负荷来体现,研究基于峰值负荷最小的签派放行席位任务调度问题,得到放行席位的峰值负荷最小的工作安排,为合理分配席位间的放行任务提供决策支持。 (3)给定签派放行的的席位集合、放行任务集合和任务随时间的工作负荷分布下,研究峰值负荷最小及总负荷量最小的双目标下的签派放行席位间的任务分配问题。 本文采用的方法和主要结论如下： 第一、在生产保障度目标下的乘务员机型执照配置优化问题中,本文提出一个解的构造算法,该算法对某一类问题可直接构造出最优解,对其他类问题得到与最优解差异最大为1/n0的可行解,这里n0是不同类型机型生产的需求人数的最小值。 第二、在生产保障度目标最大,人均收益均衡的客舱乘务员机型执照配置优化问题中,本文将问题抽象为每个箱子装相同数量的物品,但物品的种类各不相同的一维装箱问题,并提出一个基于LPT算法思想的贪婪算法,并得出k≤2,该算法给出最优解；k2,最坏情况下的性能比为2-M-1的结论。这里,k是乘务员可持有的机型执照数量,M是乘务员总人数。在k2下,又分析了k的具体取值对最坏情况性能比的影响。 第三、在基于峰值负荷最小的签派放行席位任务调度的研究问题中,本文中将问题描述为有优先序任务排序的单机排序问题,每个任务都有一个到达时间,截止期限和处理时间,目标是在不延误完成任务的前提下,使机器的峰值负荷最小,并提出了一个有效算法,且证明出该算法给出的任务安排计划是最优安排。 第四、在签派放行岗位间的任务分配问题中,本中采用两种VNS算法-VND和RVNS来解决这个问题。在求解过程中,两种领域选择方式-插入和交换类型工作被定义并用在领域搜索算法中；Vazirani提出的修正的平行机调度启发式算法被用来求解初始解。最后采用某航空公司的航班放行数据来评估我们算法的效能,案例的结果表明,VND与RVNS均能提供稳定且较好的结果。 本文的主要创新点有,第一,首次对客舱乘务员机型执照配置问题进行建模,并设计出有效算法(解构造算法和基于LPT算法思想的贪婪算法)求解；第二,首次对飞行签派员的任务配置问题进行建模,并设计最优算法求解。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual opening of the aviation market, the air traffic volume and flight range are expanding day by day, and the work of aviation safety management is becoming more and more important. All kinds of rules and procedures and other human factors, organization and management factors, but the most critical factor is "people". To strengthen the management of "people", the key lies in the management of key technical personnel involved in the flight safety chain. In this paper, the key technical personnel of cabin service and operation control department, cabin crew and flight dispatcher, are taken as the research object. From the safety point of view, the problems of cabin crew's model license planning and a series of problems related to flight dispatcher's production planning are studied. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, based on the maximum degree of production security and the goal of balancing the per capita income of the flight attendants, this paper studies the problem of aircrew type licensing planning and determines the number of crew members for each type licensing combination under the conditions of meeting the production task requirements and limiting the number of crew service types. This paper divides the problem of crew licence planning into two parts: crew demand estimation and crew licence allocation optimization, and mainly studies the problem of crew licence allocation optimization.
(1) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences with limited number of crew service aircraft under the maximum degree of production security. Production security is the evaluation index of production operation security for the scheme of crew type licences.
(2) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences to meet the constraints of production security and the number of crew service aircraft under the goal of per capita income balance.
Two, for the flight dispatchers, the main contents of the study are:
(1) Characterize the workload of flight dispatchers, get the peak time of dispatching workload, and analyze the flight composition with high peak load dispatching seats, so as to provide support for the rational allocation of routes.
(2) The work intensity of the assigned and released seats is represented by the workload of the unit time interval of the seats. The task scheduling problem of the assigned and released seats based on the minimum peak load is studied, and the work schedule with the minimum peak load of the released seats is obtained, which provides decision support for the rational allocation of the released tasks between seats.
(3) Given the set of dispatched and released seats, the task allocation problem between dispatched and released seats with the minimum peak load and the minimum total load is studied.
The methods and main conclusions adopted in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, in order to solve the problem of crew licence allocation optimization under the objective of production security, this paper proposes a solution construction algorithm, which can directly construct the optimal solution for a certain type of problem, and obtain the feasible solution with the maximum difference of 1/n0 from the optimal solution for other types of problems. Here N0 is the minimum number of demand for different types of aircraft production. Value.
Secondly, in the problem of optimizing the licence allocation of cabin crew with the maximal production guarantee and balanced per capita income, this paper abstracts the problem into a one-dimensional packing problem in which each box contains the same number of items, but the types of items are different. A greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm is proposed and K < 2 is obtained. The optimal solution is given; k2, the worst case performance ratio is 2-M-1. Here, K is the number of type licenses available to the crew, and M is the total number of crew members.
Thirdly, in the research of task scheduling for dispatch and release seats based on minimum peak load, this paper describes the problem as a single machine scheduling problem with priority task scheduling. Each task has an arrival time, deadline and processing time. The goal is to maximize the peak load of the machine without delay in completing the task. Small, and put forward an effective algorithm, and proved that the algorithm of the task scheduling plan is the best arrangement.
Fourthly, two VNS algorithms, VND and RVNS, are used to solve the task allocation problem between dispatch and release jobs. In the process of solving the problem, two kinds of domain selection methods, insertion and exchange type jobs, are defined and used in the domain search algorithm. The modified parallel machine scheduling heuristic algorithm proposed by Vazirani is used to solve the problem. Finally, we use the flight release data of an airline to evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm. The results of a case show that both VND and RVNS can provide stable and good results.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, for the first time, the problem of cabin crew licence allocation is modeled, and an efficient algorithm (solution construction algorithm and greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm) is designed to solve it; secondly, the task allocation problem of flight dispatcher is modeled for the first time, and the optimal algorithm is designed to solve it.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F224;F562
本文编号：2185439
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid development of the national economy and the gradual opening of the aviation market, the air traffic volume and flight range are expanding day by day, and the work of aviation safety management is becoming more and more important. All kinds of rules and procedures and other human factors, organization and management factors, but the most critical factor is "people". To strengthen the management of "people", the key lies in the management of key technical personnel involved in the flight safety chain. In this paper, the key technical personnel of cabin service and operation control department, cabin crew and flight dispatcher, are taken as the research object. From the safety point of view, the problems of cabin crew's model license planning and a series of problems related to flight dispatcher's production planning are studied. The main contents of the paper are as follows:
Firstly, based on the maximum degree of production security and the goal of balancing the per capita income of the flight attendants, this paper studies the problem of aircrew type licensing planning and determines the number of crew members for each type licensing combination under the conditions of meeting the production task requirements and limiting the number of crew service types. This paper divides the problem of crew licence planning into two parts: crew demand estimation and crew licence allocation optimization, and mainly studies the problem of crew licence allocation optimization.
(1) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences with limited number of crew service aircraft under the maximum degree of production security. Production security is the evaluation index of production operation security for the scheme of crew type licences.
(2) Optimizing the allocation of crew type licences to meet the constraints of production security and the number of crew service aircraft under the goal of per capita income balance.
Two, for the flight dispatchers, the main contents of the study are:
(1) Characterize the workload of flight dispatchers, get the peak time of dispatching workload, and analyze the flight composition with high peak load dispatching seats, so as to provide support for the rational allocation of routes.
(2) The work intensity of the assigned and released seats is represented by the workload of the unit time interval of the seats. The task scheduling problem of the assigned and released seats based on the minimum peak load is studied, and the work schedule with the minimum peak load of the released seats is obtained, which provides decision support for the rational allocation of the released tasks between seats.
(3) Given the set of dispatched and released seats, the task allocation problem between dispatched and released seats with the minimum peak load and the minimum total load is studied.
The methods and main conclusions adopted in this paper are as follows:
Firstly, in order to solve the problem of crew licence allocation optimization under the objective of production security, this paper proposes a solution construction algorithm, which can directly construct the optimal solution for a certain type of problem, and obtain the feasible solution with the maximum difference of 1/n0 from the optimal solution for other types of problems. Here N0 is the minimum number of demand for different types of aircraft production. Value.
Secondly, in the problem of optimizing the licence allocation of cabin crew with the maximal production guarantee and balanced per capita income, this paper abstracts the problem into a one-dimensional packing problem in which each box contains the same number of items, but the types of items are different. A greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm is proposed and K < 2 is obtained. The optimal solution is given; k2, the worst case performance ratio is 2-M-1. Here, K is the number of type licenses available to the crew, and M is the total number of crew members.
Thirdly, in the research of task scheduling for dispatch and release seats based on minimum peak load, this paper describes the problem as a single machine scheduling problem with priority task scheduling. Each task has an arrival time, deadline and processing time. The goal is to maximize the peak load of the machine without delay in completing the task. Small, and put forward an effective algorithm, and proved that the algorithm of the task scheduling plan is the best arrangement.
Fourthly, two VNS algorithms, VND and RVNS, are used to solve the task allocation problem between dispatch and release jobs. In the process of solving the problem, two kinds of domain selection methods, insertion and exchange type jobs, are defined and used in the domain search algorithm. The modified parallel machine scheduling heuristic algorithm proposed by Vazirani is used to solve the problem. Finally, we use the flight release data of an airline to evaluate the effectiveness of our algorithm. The results of a case show that both VND and RVNS can provide stable and good results.
The main innovations of this paper are as follows: firstly, for the first time, the problem of cabin crew licence allocation is modeled, and an efficient algorithm (solution construction algorithm and greedy algorithm based on LPT algorithm) is designed to solve it; secondly, the task allocation problem of flight dispatcher is modeled for the first time, and the optimal algorithm is designed to solve it.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F224;F562
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