铁路物资供应网络协同运作问题研究

发布时间：2018-08-20 18:43

【摘要】：铁路物资供应是铁路运输生产正常运转的保证,其过程既存在于流通领域,又影响到生产领域,供应网络具有线长点密、跨度较大、流通路径复杂等特点,网络体系庞大,管理难度较高。长期以来,我国铁路重视外部运输,轻视内部供应物流,致使内部物资供应管理水平相对落后。在现有铁路物资供应网络运作流程中,物资需求状况需要从基层站段开始逐层上报,由上级部门审批后,按照物资数量和种类确定采购供应的方式。由于各地材料厂彼此之间缺乏有效的协作沟通,往往各自为政,难以开展不同需求单位间物资的联合供应,因此造成资源和物流能力配置效率较低等不良现象。随着铁路跨越式发展和组织管理模式变革的深入开展,铁路运输企业开始探索适应市场经济发展要求的经营管理模式,国内外许多专家学者将现代物流理念引入到铁路物资供应领域,研究并探讨如何优化铁路内部物资供应流程。本文以铁路物资供应网络为研究对象,从网络视角描述了铁路局供应网络的运作现状及弊端,对协同的内外部动因及可行性进行了分析,指出了协同的必要性和迫切性,提出了协同运作实施的原则和方向,阐述了物资供应网络协同的本质主要是资源和物流能力的协同。然后,提出了铁路物资供应网络协同度测度模型,以北京铁路局为例进行了实例分析,从定量角度选取了采购、仓储、配送、生产四个主体指标和描述这四个环节的26个二级指标,对1999-2009年采购子网络、仓储子网络、配送子网络、生产子网络各自及彼此之间的协同状况进行剖析,并对指标输出结果并进行了横、纵向对比,分析产生此种状况的原因,找出制约供需环节协同发展的瓶颈问题。最后,提出了铁路物资供应网络的协同优化策略,分别从加强集中采购、完善网库存、拓展协同配送和实行集约化经营四个方面着眼,改善供应流程。
[Abstract]:Railway material supply is the guarantee of normal operation of railway transportation production. Its process exists in the circulation field and affects the production field. The supply network has the characteristics of long and close lines, large span, complex circulation path, and so on, and the network system is huge. Management is difficult. For a long time, the railway of our country attaches importance to the external transportation, despises the internal supply logistics, causes the internal material supply management level to be relatively backward. In the operation process of the existing railway material supply network, the material demand should be reported layer by layer from the basic station and section, and the purchasing and supplying mode should be determined according to the quantity and type of the material after the examination and approval by the superior department. Due to the lack of effective cooperation and communication among local material factories, it is difficult to carry out the joint supply of materials between units with different demands, which results in poor allocation efficiency of resources and logistics capacity. With the development of railway leapfrogging development and the reform of organization and management mode, railway transportation enterprises begin to explore the management mode that can adapt to the development of market economy. Many experts and scholars at home and abroad introduced the modern logistics concept into the field of railway material supply, and studied and discussed how to optimize the railway internal material supply process. This paper takes the railway material supply network as the research object, describes the present operation situation and the malpractice of the railway administration supply network from the network angle, analyzes the internal and external motivation and feasibility of the coordination, and points out the necessity and urgency of the coordination. This paper puts forward the principle and direction of collaborative operation, and expounds that the essence of coordination of material supply network is mainly the coordination of resources and logistics capability. Then, the paper puts forward the measure model of railway material supply network coordination degree, taking Beijing Railway Administration as an example to analyze the example, and selects purchasing, warehousing and distribution from a quantitative point of view. Production of four main indicators and description of the four links of 26 secondary indicators, 1999-2009 procurement sub-network, warehousing sub-network, distribution sub-network, production sub-network and each other and the synergy between the situation is analyzed. The output results of the indicators are compared horizontally and vertically, and the reasons for this situation are analyzed, and the bottleneck problems restricting the coordinated development of supply and demand links are found out. Finally, the cooperative optimization strategy of railway material supply network is put forward, which focuses on four aspects: strengthening centralized purchasing, perfecting network inventory, expanding cooperative distribution and carrying out intensive operation to improve the supply flow.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F252;F532

【参考文献】