竞争导向的铁路客票定价研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 12:26

【摘要】：我国铁路目前正处于高速发展的阶段,特别是近几年来高速铁路客运专线的修建以及“四纵四横”铁路快速客运通道的规划已成为了我国铁路跨越式发展的重要标志,各种交通方式间的竞争也将日趋激烈。目前我国铁路客运票价制定方法是按照运输成本定价,这种方式不够灵活,还不能很好地适应运输市场的需求,因此,铁路客运票价的制定已成为了一个非常重要的工作,并会直接影响到铁路客运市场份额。本文首先分析了铁路、公路、航空三种运输方式的竞争优势及劣势,接着分析了影响旅客出行选择的因素,重点对运输服务属性因素进行了分析并给予量化。其次,建立了基于运输服务属性的综合效用函数,确立了服务属性指标效用值的求解方法和运输服务参数的权重。再次,分析了集计模型和非集计模型各自的特点,构建了基于综合效用的多元Logit模型,来预测不同运输方式各自的市场占有率。最后构建了以客运市场占有率为目标的运输定价模型,当铁路运输方式的竞争对手——高速公路和民航运输的各项服务属性因素固定时,通过反复调整铁路客运票价,就会得到不同的综合效用值,而综合效用决定了旅客出行方式的选择,即影响了运输方式的市场分担率。市场分担率能充分地体现运输方式的竞争力,而研究票价与分担率之间的关系,根据运输方式分担率来定价就是基于运输方式竞争为导向,以此确定合理的铁路客运票价。通过广深线、成渝既有线、京沪线三个实例,在不同运输距离和竞争条件下,根据建立的综合效用模型、Logit模型及定价模型来确定合理的票价率。经过实证研究,本文认为,短途距离的高速铁路客运运输方式制定0.58元/人km的票价率,中途距离的既有线铁路客运运输方式制定0.14元/人km的票价率,长途距离的高速铁路客运运输方式制定0.5元/人km的票价率是比较合理的。
[Abstract]:At present, the railway of our country is in the stage of high speed development, especially the construction of the passenger dedicated line of the high-speed railway in recent years and the planning of the fast passenger passage of the "four longitudinal and four horizontal" railway has become an important symbol of the leap-forward development of the railway in our country. Competition among various modes of transportation will also become increasingly fierce. At present, the pricing method of railway passenger transport fares in China is based on the transportation cost, which is not flexible enough and can not meet the needs of the transport market well. Therefore, the formulation of railway passenger transport fares has become a very important task. And will directly affect the market share of railway passenger transport. This paper first analyzes the competitive advantages and disadvantages of railway, highway and air transportation modes, then analyzes the factors that affect the passenger travel choice, and focuses on the analysis and quantification of the transport service attribute factors. Secondly, the comprehensive utility function based on the transportation service attribute is established, and the method to solve the utility value of the service attribute index and the weight of the transportation service parameter are established. Thirdly, the characteristics of the aggregate model and the non-aggregate model are analyzed, and the multivariate Logit model based on comprehensive utility is constructed to predict the market share of different transportation modes. Finally, the paper constructs a transport pricing model aiming at the market share of passenger transport. When the competitors of railway transport mode-freeway and civil aviation transport have fixed service attributes, they adjust the ticket price of railway passenger transport repeatedly. Different comprehensive utility values will be obtained, and the comprehensive utility determines the choice of passenger travel mode, that is, it affects the market share rate of transportation mode. Market share rate can fully reflect the competitiveness of transportation mode, and the study of the relationship between ticket price and share rate, according to the transport mode share rate pricing is based on the mode of transport competition as the guide, so as to determine a reasonable railway passenger ticket price. Through three examples of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway, Chengdu-Chongqing existing Railway and Beijing-Shanghai Line, under different transportation distance and competitive conditions, the reasonable fare rate can be determined according to the established comprehensive utility model, logit model and pricing model. Based on the empirical research, this paper holds that the short distance high speed railway passenger transport mode formulates the fare rate of 0. 58 yuan / person km, and the existing railway passenger transport mode of midway distance makes 0. 14 yuan / person km fare rate. It is reasonable to make 0.5 yuan / person km fare rate for long distance high speed railway passenger transport mode.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：U293;F532.5

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